Evidence 1: “During my first press conference as President, in answer to a direct question, I pointed out that, as good Marxist-Leninists, the Soviet leaders have openly and publicly declared that the only morality they recognize is that which will further their cause, which is world revolution. I think I should point out I was only quoting Lenin, their guiding spirit, who said in 1920 that they repudiate all morality that proceeds from supernatural ideas—that’s their name for religion—or ideas that are outside class conceptions. Morality is entirely subordinate to the interests of class war. And everything is moral that is necessary for the annihilation of the old, exploiting social order and for uniting the proletariat.”—Document 28.1: Ronald Reagan, Remarks at the Annual Convention of the National Association of Evangelicals

Evidence 2: “Finally, we want a President who will keep America strong, but use that strength to keep America and the world at peace. A nuclear freeze is not a slogan: It is a tool for survival in the nuclear age. If we leave our children nothing else, let us leave them this Earth as we found it: whole and green and full of life.”—Document 28.2: Geraldine Ferraro, Vice Presidential Nomination Acceptance Address

Evidence 3: “As part of an exchange program, we now have an exhibition touring your country that shows how information technology is transforming our lives—replacing manual labor with robots, forecasting weather for farmers, or mapping the genetic code of DNA for medical researchers. These microcomputers today aid the design of everything from houses to cars to spacecraft; they even design better and faster computers. They can translate English into Russian or enable the blind to read or help Michael Jackson produce on one synthesizer the sounds of a whole orchestra.”—Document 29.4: Ronald Reagan, Address at Moscow State University

Evidence 4: “Our achievements are immense and indubitable and the Soviet people by right take pride in their successes. They constitute a firm base for the fulfillment of our current programs and our plans for the future. But the Party must see life in its entirety and complexity. No accomplishments, even the most impressive ones, should obscure either contradictions in social development or our mistakes and failings.”—Document 28.5: Mikhail Gorbachev, Speech before the Central Committee

Evidence 1: “So, in your discussions of the nuclear freeze proposals, I urge you to beware the temptation of pride—the temptation of blithely declaring yourselves above it all and label both sides equally at fault, to ignore the facts of history and the aggressive impulses of an evil empire, to simply call the arms race a giant misunderstanding and thereby remove yourself from the struggle between right and wrong and good and evil.”—Document 28.1: Ronald Reagan, Remarks at the Annual Convention of the National Association of Evangelicals

Evidence 2: Tony Auth’s depiction of Ronald Reagan’s enthusiasm about a “Star Wars” defense system.—Document 28.3: Tony Auth, Cartoon, Philadelphia Inquirer

Evidence 3: “As you know, I’ve come to Moscow to meet with one of your most distinguished graduates. In this, our fourth summit, General Secretary Gorbachev and I have spent many hours together, and I feel that we’re getting to know each other well. Our discussions, of course, have been focused primarily on many of the important issues of the day, issues I want to touch on with you in a few moments. But first I want to take a little time to talk to you much as I would to any group of university students in the United States. I want to talk not just of the realities of today but of the possibilities of tomorrow.”—Document 28.4: Ronald Reagan, Address at Moscow State University

Evidence 4: “Comrades, there isn’t one single fundamental issue that we could resolve, now as in the past, without taking into account the fact that we live in a multinational country. There is no need to prove the importance of socialist principles in the development of relations between the nationalities. It is socialism that did away with national oppression, inequality, and infringements upon the rights of people on grounds of nationality.”—Document 28.5: Mikhail Gorbachev, Speech before the Central Committee

Evidence 1: “Let no one doubt, we will defend America’s security and the cause of freedom around the world. But we want a President who tells us what America’s fighting for, not just what we are fighting against.We want a President who will defend human rights, not just where it is convenient, but wherever freedom is at risk—from Chile to Afghanistan, from Poland to South Africa.”—Document 28.2: Geraldine Ferraro, Vice Presidential Nomination Acceptance Address

Evidence 2: Tony Auth’s depiction of Ronald Reagan as a dreamer who has discarded age-old approaches to international relations in favor of science fiction.— Document 28.3: Tony Auth, Cartoon, Philadelphia Inquirer

Evidence 3: “Just a few years ago, few would have imagined the progress our two nations have made together. The INF treaty, which General Secretary Gorbachev and I signed last December in Washington and whose instruments of ratification we will exchange tomorrow—the first true nuclear arms reduction treaty in history, calling for the elimination of an entire class of U.S. and Soviet nuclear missiles. And just 16 days ago, we saw the beginning of your withdrawal from Afghanistan, which gives us hope that soon the fighting may end and the healing may begin and that that suffering country may find self-determination, unity, and peace at long last.”—Document 28.4: Ronald Reagan, Address at Moscow State University

Evidence 4: “It is only through the consistent development of the democratic forms inherent in socialism and more extensive self-government that our progress in production, science and technology, literature, culture and the arts, in all areas of social life is possible. It is only this way that ensures conscientious discipline. The reorganization itself is possible only through democracy and due to democracy. It is only this way that it is possible to open broad vistas for socialism’s most powerful creative force—free labour and free thought in a free country.”—Document 28.5: Mikhail Gorbachev, Speech before the Central Committee