Evidence 1: “Eloped from the subscriber, living near Nashville, on the 25th of June last, a Mulatto Man Slave, about thirty years old, six feet and an inch high, stout made and active, talks sensible, stoops in his walk, and has a remarkably large foot, broad across the root of the toes.”—Document 8.2: Andrew Jackson, Runaway Slave Advertisement

Evidence 2: “Richmond appears to be a place of great dissipation; chiefly arising from the loose and debauched conduct of the white people with their black female slaves. It sometimes happens here, as in other places, that the white inhabitants, in selling off the offspring of these poor debased females, sell their own sons and daughters with as much indifference as they sell their cattle.”—Document 8.3: Robert Sutcliff, Travels in Some Parts of North America

Evidence 3: “. . .when the coloured people began to get numerous in attending the church, they moved us from the seats we usually sat on, and placed us around the wall, and on Sabbath morning we went to church and the sexton stood at the door and told us to go in the gallery. . . . We expected to take the seats over the ones we formerly occupied below, not knowing any better. We took those seats. . . . We had not been long upon our knees before I heard considerable scuffling and low talking. I raised my head up and saw one of the trustees . . . having hold of the Rev. Absalom Jones, pulling him up off of his knees and saying, ‘You must get up—you must not kneel here.’”—Document 8.5: Richard Allen, The Life, Experience, and Gospel Labours

Evidence 1: “My brother Gabriel was the person who influenced me to join him and others in order that (as he said) we might conquer the white people and possess ourselves of their property. I enquired how we were to effect it. He said by falling upon them (the whites) in the dead of night, at which time they would be unguarded and unsuspicious.”—Document 8.1: Confession of Solomon

Evidence 2: “[He] will pass for a free man, as I am informed he has obtained by some means, certificates as such—took with him a drab great-coat, dark mixed body coat, a ruffled shirt, cotton home spun shirts, and overalls He will make for Detroit, through the states of Kentucky and Ohio, or the upper part of Louisiana.”—Document 8.2: Andrew Jackson, Runaway Slave Advertisement

Evidence 3: “We, therefore, a portion of those who are the objects of this plan, and among those whose happiness, with that of others of our colour, it is intended to promote; with humble and grateful acknowledgements to those who have devised it, renounce and disclaim every connexion with it; and respectfully but firmly declare our determination not to participate in any part of it.”—Document 8.4: Free Blacks in Philadelphia Oppose Colonization

Evidence 4: “By the time prayer was over, and we all went out of the church in a body, and they were no more plagued with us in the church. This raised a great excitement and inquiry among the citizens, in so much that I believe they were ashamed of their conduct. But my dear Lord was with us, and we were filled with fresh vigour to get a house erected to worship God in.”—Document 8.5: Richard Allen, The Life, Experience, and Gospel Labours

Evidence 1: “The first places Gabriel intended to attack in Richmond were, the Capitol, the Magazine, the Penitentiary, the Governor’s house and his person. The inhabitants were to be massacred, save those who begged for quarter and agreed to serve as soldiers with them.”—Document 8.1: Confession of Solomon

Evidence 2: “Eloped from the subscriber, living near Nashville, on the 25th of June last, a Mulatto Man Slave, about thirty years old, six feet and an inch high, stout made and active. . . . He will make for Detroit, through the states of Kentucky and Ohio, or the upper part of Louisiana. The above reward will be given any person that will take him and deliver him to me or secure him in jail so that I can get him.”—Document 8.2: Andrew Jackson, Runaway Slave Advertisement

Evidence 3: “I passed by a field in which several poor slaves had lately been executed, on the charge of having an intention to rise against their masters. . . one of them being asked what he had to say to the court on his defence, he replied in a manly tone of voice: ‘I have nothing more to offer than what General Washington would have had to offer, had he been taken by the British and put to trial by them. I have adventured my life in endeavouring to obtain the liberty of my countrymen, and am a willing sacrifice in their cause.’”—Document 8.3: Robert Sutcliff, Travels in Some Parts of North America

Evidence 4: “The ultimate and final abolition of slavery in the United States, by the operation of various causes, is, under the guidance and protection of a just God, progressing. Every year witnesses the release of numbers of the victims of oppression, and affords new and safe assurances that the freedom of all will in the end be accomplished.”—Document 8.4: Free Blacks in Philadelphia Oppose Colonization