| Bias | Description |
|---|
| Fundamental attribution error | We tend to explain the behavior of other people by attributing their behavior to internal, personal characteristics, while underestimating or ignoring the effects of external, situational factors. Pattern is reversed when accounting for our own behavior. |
| Actor–observer bias | We tend to explain our own behavior by attributing our actions to external, situational characteristics, while underestimating or ignoring the effects of internal, personal factors. Pattern is reversed when accounting for others’ behavior. |
| Blaming the victim | We tend to blame the victims of misfortune for causing their own misfortune or for not taking steps to prevent or avoid it. Partly due to the just-world hypothesis. |
| Hindsight bias | After an event has occurred, we tend to overestimate the extent to which we could have foreseen or predicted the outcome. |
| Self-serving bias | We have a tendency to take credit for our successes by attributing them to internal, personal causes, along with a tendency to distance ourselves from our failures by attributing them to external, situational causes. The self-serving bias is more common in individualistic cultures. |
| Self-effacing (or modesty) bias | We tend to blame ourselves for our failures, attributing them to internal, personal causes, while downplaying our successes by attributing them to external, situational causes. The self-effacing bias is more common in collectivistic cultures. |