| Psychoanalysis | Sigmund Freud | Repressed, unconscious conflicts stemming from early childhood experiences | Free association, analysis of dream content, interpretation, and transference | To recognize, work through, and resolve long-standing conflicts |
| Client-centered therapy | Carl Rogers | Conditional acceptance that causes the person to develop a distorted self-concept and worldview | Nondirective therapist who displays unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathic understanding | To develop self-awareness, self-acceptance, and self-determination |