13.6 CHAPTER REVIEW

Stress, Health, and Coping

KEY POINTS

Introduction: Stress and Health Psychology

Physical Effects of Stress: The Mind–Body Connection

Individual Factors That Influence the Response to Stress

Coping: How People Deal with Stress

KEY TERMS

Match each of the terms on the left with its definition on the right. Click on the term first and then click on the matching definition. As you match them correctly they will move to the bottom of the activity.

Question

acculturative stress
biopsychosocial model
burnout
catecholamines
cognitive appraisal model of stress
coping
corticosteroids
daily hassles
emotion-focused coping
fight-or-flight response
general adaptation syndrome
health psychology
immune system
lymphocytes
mindfulness meditation
optimistic explanatory style
pessimistic explanatory style
problem-focused coping
psychoneuroimmunology
social support
stress
stressors
telomeres
Type A behavior pattern
Hans Selye's term for the three-stage progression of physical changes that occur when an organism is exposed to intense and prolonged stress. The three stages are alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
Repeated, duplicate DNA sequences that are found at the very tips of chromosomes and that protect the chromosomes' genetic data during cell division.
The belief that physical health and illness are determined by the complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.
The resources provided by other people in times of need.
An interdisciplinary field that studies the interconnections among psychological processes, nervous and endocrine system functions, and the immune system.
A negative emotional state occurring in response to events that are perceived as taxing or exceeding a person's resources or ability to cope.
An unhealthy condition caused by chronic, prolonged work stress that is characterized by exhaustion, cynicism, and a sense of failure or inadequacy.
Developed by Richard Lazarus, a model of stress that emphasizes the role of an individual's evaluation (appraisal) of events and situations and of the resources that he or she has available to deal with the event or situation.
Specialized white blood cells that are responsible for immune defenses.
A technique in which practitioners focus awareness on present experience with acceptance.
The branch of psychology that studies how biological, behavioral, and social factors influence health, illness, medical treatment, and health-related behaviors.
Accounting for negative events or situations with external, unstable, and specific explanations.
The stress that results from the pressure of adapting to a new culture.
A behavioral and emotional style characterized by a sense of time urgency, hostility, and competitiveness.
Everyday minor events that annoy and upset people.
Accounting for negative events or situations with internal, stable, and global explanations.
Body system that produces specialized white blood cells that protect the body from viruses, bacteria, and tumor cells.
Behavioral and cognitive responses used to deal with stressors; involves our efforts to change circumstances, or our interpretation of circumstances, to make them more favorable and less threatening.
Hormones released by the adrenal cortex that play a key role in the body's response to long-term stressors.
Coping efforts primarily aimed at directly changing or managing a threatening or harmful stressor.
Events or situations that are perceived as harmful, threatening, or challenging.
Coping efforts primarily aimed at relieving or regulating the emotional impact of a stressful situation.
A rapidly occurring chain of internal physical reactions that prepare people to either fight or take flight from an immediate threat.
Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla that cause rapid physiological arousal, including adrenaline and noradrenaline.

KEY PEOPLE

Walter B. Cannon (1871–1945) American physiologist who made several important contributions to psychology, especially in the study of emotions. Described the fight-or-flight response, which involves the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system (also see Chapter 8). (p. 539)

Richard Lazarus (1922–2002) American psychologist who helped promote the cognitive perspective on emotion and stress; with co-researcher Susan Folkman, developed the cognitive appraisal model of stress and coping (also see Chapter 8). (p. 531)

Martin Seligman (b. 1942) American psychologist who conducted research on explanatory style and the role it plays in stress, health, and illness. (p. 547)

Hans Selye (1907–1982) Canadian endocrinologist who was a pioneer in stress research; defined stress as “the nonspecific response of the body to any demand placed on it” and described a three-stage response to prolonged stress that he termed the general adaptation syndrome. (p. 540)