9.10 CHAPTER REVIEW

Lifespan Development

KEY POINTS

Introduction: Your Life Story

Genetic Contributions to Your Life Story

Prenatal Development

Development During Infancy and Childhood

Cognitive Development

Adolescence

Adult Development

Late Adulthood and Aging

The Final Chapter: Dying and Death

KEY TERMS

Match each of the terms on the left with its definition on the right. Click on the term first and then click on the matching definition. As you match them correctly they will move to the bottom of the activity.

Question

activity theory of aging
adolescence
adolescent growth spurt
attachment
authoritarian parenting style
authoritative parenting style
centration
chromosome
comprehension vocabulary
concrete operational stage
conservation
cross-sectional design
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
developmental psychology
egocentrism
embryonic period
emerging adulthood
epigenetics
fetal period
formal operational stage
gene
genotype
germinal period
identity
induction
information-processing model of cognitive development
irreversibility
longitudinal design
menarche
menopause
moral reasoning
object permanence
permissive parenting style
phenotype
prenatal stage
preoperational stage
primary sex characteristics
production vocabulary
puberty
secondary sex characteristics
sensorimotor stage
sex chromosomes
stem cells
symbolic thought
temperament
teratogens
zone of proximal development
zygote
In Piaget's theory, the understanding that two equal quantities remain equal even though the form or appearance is rearranged, as long as nothing is added or subtracted.
The first two weeks of prenatal development.
A discipline technique that combines parental control with explaining why a behavior is prohibited.
Research strategy in which individuals of different ages or developmental stages are directly compared.
The double-stranded molecule that encodes genetic instructions; the chemical basis of heredity.
The aspect of cognitive development that has to do with how an individual reasons about moral decisions.
Parenting style in which parents are demanding and unresponsive toward their children's needs or wishes.
Harmful agents or substances that can cause malformations or defects in an embryo or fetus.
In Piaget's theory, the inability to take another person's perspective or point of view.
The stage of development before birth; divided into the germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods.
In Piaget's theory, the inability to mentally reverse a sequence of events or logical operations.
The natural cessation of menstruation and the end of reproductive capacity in women.
In industrialized countries, the stage of lifespan from approximately the late teens to the mid-to late-20s, which is characterized by exploration, instability, and flexibility in social roles, vocational choices, and relationships.
The ability to use words, images, and symbols to represent the world.
The observable traits or characteristics of an organism as determined by the interaction of genetics and environmental factors.
The psychosocial theory that life satisfaction in late adulthood is highest when people maintain the level of activity they displayed earlier in life.
The stage of adolescence in which an individual reaches sexual maturity and becomes physiologically capable of sexual reproduction.
Chromosomes, designated as X or Y, that determine biological sex; the 23rd pair of chromosomes in humans.
A unit of DNA on a chromosome that encodes instructions for making a particular protein molecule; the basic unit of heredity.
Sexual organs that are directly involved in reproduction, such as the uterus, ovaries, penis, and testicles.
A long, thread-like structure composed of twisted parallel strands of DNA; found in the cell nucleus.
The single cell formed at conception from the union of the egg cell and sperm cell.
The third and longest period of prenatal development, extending from the ninth week until birth.
In Piaget's theory, the first stage of cognitive development, from birth to about age 2; the period during which the infant explores the environment and acquires knowledge through sensing and manipulating objects.
The genetic makeup of an individual organism.
In Piaget's theory, the third stage of cognitive development, which lasts from about age 7 to adolescence; characterized by the ability to think logically about concrete objects and situations.
The model that views cognitive development as a process that is continuous over the lifespan and that studies the development of basic mental processes such as attention, memory, and problem solving.
A person's sense of self, including his or her memories, experiences, and the values and beliefs that guide his or her behavior.
The emotional bond that forms between an infant and caregiver(s), especially his or her parents.
The period of accelerated growth during puberty, involving rapid increases in height and weight.
The understanding that an object continues to exist even when it can no longer be seen.
Research strategy in which a variable or group of variables are studied in the same group of participants over time.
Undifferentiated cells that can divide and give rise to cells that can develop into any one of the body's different cell types.
The words that an infant or child understands and can speak.
Inborn predispositions to consistently behave and react in a certain way.
In Piaget's theory, the tendency to focus, or center, on only one aspect of a situation and ignore other important aspects of the situation.
The words that are understood by an infant or child.
Parenting style in which parents set clear standards for their children's behavior but are also responsive to their children's needs and wishes.
Sexual characteristics that develop during puberty and are not directly involved in reproduction but differentiate between the sexes, such as male facial hair and female breast development.
In Piaget's theory, the fourth stage of cognitive development, which lasts from adolescence through adulthood; characterized by the ability to think logically about abstract principles and hypothetical situations.
The second period of prenatal development, extending from the third week through the eighth week.
A female's first menstrual period, which occurs during puberty.
The transitional stage between late childhood and the beginning of adulthood, during which sexual maturity is reached.
The study of the cellular mechanisms that control gene expression and of the ways that gene expression impacts health and behavior.
In Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development, the difference between what children can accomplish on their own and what they can accomplish with the help of others who are more competent.
The branch of psychology that studies how people change over the lifespan.
Parenting style in which parents are extremely tolerant and not demanding; permissive-indulgent parents are responsive to their children, but permissive-indifferent parents are not.
In Piaget's theory, the second stage of cognitive development, which lasts from about age 2 to age 7; characterized by increasing use of symbols and prelogical thought processes.

KEY PEOPLE

Mary D. Salter Ainsworth (1913–1999) American psychologist who devised the Strange Situation procedure to measure attachment; contributed to attachment theory. (p. 363)

Renée Baillargeon (b. 1954) Canadian-born psychologist whose studies of cognitive development during infancy—using visual rather than manual tasks—challenged beliefs about the age at which object permanence first appears. (p. 372)

Erik Erikson (1902–1994) German-born American psychoanalyst who proposed an influential theory of psychological development throughout the lifespan. (p. 380)

Lawrence Kohlberg (1927–1987) American psychologist who proposed an influential theory of moral development. (p. 381)

Jean Piaget (1896–1980) Swiss child psychologist whose influential theory proposed that children progress through distinct stages of cognitive development. (p. 368)

Lev Vygotsky (1896–1934) Russian psychologist who stressed the importance of social and cultural influences in cognitive development. (p. 373)