What Is Your Personality Type?
As discussed in your textbook, the notion of Type A behavior was first reported about 35 years ago by cardiologists Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenman (p. 517). Friedman and Rosenman observed that many of their cardiac patients shared traits that are now known as the Type A behavior pattern. These individuals demonstrated an exaggerated sense of time urgency, a general sense of hostility, and an intense ambition and competitiveness, combined with a noted difficulty with relaxation. Although the characteristics of the Type A behavior pattern were believed to predict heart disease, follow-up research revealed that it was only one aspect of this behavior pattern that was predictive of health problems—specifically, hostility.
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Research shows that personality factors may indirectly lead to disease via poor health habits. For instance, low conscientiousness, high sensation seeking, and high extraversion predict poor health habits. These habits, in turn, are associated with higher rates of illness.