MAP 25.1 The Fronts of World War I, 1914–1918
Because the western front remained relatively stationary, devastation of land and resources was intense. All fronts, however, destroyed segments of Europe’s hard-won industrial and agricultural capacity, while the immobile trenches increased military casualties whenever heavy artillery fire pounded them. Men long engaged in trench warfare developed an intense camaraderie based on their mutual suffering and deprivation.