| c. 486–751 | Merovingian dynasty |
| c. 570–632 | Life of Muhammad, prophet of Islam |
| 572 | Lombards conquer northern Italy |
| r. 573–c. 594 | Bishop Gregory of Tours |
| 587 | Conversion of Visigothic king Reccared |
| c. 590 | Arrival of Irish monk Columbanus in Gaul |
| r. 590–604 | Papacy of Pope Gregory the Great |
| 603–623 | War between Byzantium and Persia |
| 622 | Hijra to Medina; year 1 of the Islamic calendar |
| 624 | Muhammad and Meccans fight battle of Badr |
| 661–750 | Umayyad caliphate |
| 664 | Synod of Whitby; English king opts for Roman form of Christianity |
| 680–754 | Life of Boniface, who reformed the Frankish church |
| r. 717–741 | Emperor Leo III the Isaurian |
| 726–787 | Period of iconoclasm at Byzantium |