| 1799 | Coup against Directory government in France; Napoleon Bonaparte is named First Consul |
| 1801 | Napoleon signs concordat with the pope |
| 1804 | Napoleon is crowned emperor of France, issues new Civil Code |
| 1805 | British naval forces defeat French at the battle of Trafalgar; Napoleon wins his greatest victory at the battle of Austerlitz |
| 1807–1814 | French invade and occupy Spain and Portugal |
| 1812 | Napoleon invades Russia |
| 1814–1815 | Congress of Vienna |
| 1815 | Napoleon is defeated at Waterloo and exiled to island of St. Helena, where he dies in 1821 |
| 1818 | Mary Shelley, Frankenstein |
| 1820 | Revolt of liberal army officers against Spanish crown |
| 1824 | Ludwig van Beethoven, Ninth Symphony |
| 1825 | Russian army officers demand constitutional reform in Decembrist Revolt |
| 1830 | Greece gains its independence from Ottoman Turks; rebels overthrow Charles X of France and install Louis-Philippe; rebellion in Poland against Russia fails |
| 1832 | English Parliament passes Reform Bill |