KEY TERMS

Ames test

apoptosis

apurinic site

base analog

base-excision repair

bypass (translesion) polymerase

cancer

Cockayne syndrome

double-strand break

fluctuation test

frameshift mutation

global genomic nucleotide-excision repair (GG-NER)

indel mutation

induced mutation

intercalating agent

mismatch-repair system

missense mutation

mutagen

mutagenesis

nonconservative substitution

nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)

nonsense mutation

nucleotide-excision-repair (NER) system

oncogene

oncoprotein

point mutation

proto-oncogene

replica plating

SOS (repair) system

spontaneous lesion

spontaneous mutation

synonymous mutation

synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA)

transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair (TC-NER)

transition

translesion polymerases

translesion DNA synthesis

transversion

trinucleotide repeat

triplet expansion

tumor-suppressor gene

xeroderma pigmentosum (XP)