The infographic has four sections. The upper left section is titled, “Finding Personality in the Brain,” and shows an image, illustration and text. The text reads, “In 1848 an accidental blast drove a 3-foot iron bar through the head of railroad worker Phineas Gage. He survived, but his personality was markedly changed. Previously described as having a "well-balanced" mind, post-injury Gage was prone to angry outbursts and profanity (Harlow, 1868, 1869, as cited in Macmillan, 2000). Using measurements from his fractured skull, scientists have been able to estimate where the damage occurred (Ratiu, Talos, Haker, Lieberman, & Everett, 2004; Van Horn et al., 2012). Cases like this have helped psychologists understand the role of different structures in the brain.” The image shows a man missing his left eye, holding a bar. The caption reads, “Phineas Gage holding the iron bar that injured him.” The illustration shows a skull with a bar entering the left cheek, passing behind the left eye, and exiting at the top of the head. The upper right graphic is labeled, “Getting TO the Brain,” and shows a head with layers peeled back to show the structure. At the outside, is the scalp, peeled back to show the skull. The skull opens to show three layers labeled “Meninges,” before showing the brain itself, labeled “Cortex.” The text reads, “In order to study the brain, we must get to it first. Peel away the scalp and cut away the bony skull, and you will find still more layers of protection. Three thin membranes—the meninges— provide a barrier to both physical injury and infection. Bypass them, and the outermost layer of the brain, the cortex, is revealed.” The lower left graphic is labeled, “Lobes of the Brain,” and shows a brain facing left. The caption reads, “This drawing shows the left hemisphere of the brain. Each hemisphere is divided into lobes, which are known for the major functions found there.” The graphic shows the lobe regions including:
The lower right graphic is labeled “Specialized Areas of the Brain,” and shows a brain facing left. The caption reads, “Unlike the lobes, which are associated with many functions, some areas of the brain have one specialized function.” The four regions identified include: