EXAMPLE 1.19

College students. How does the number of undergraduate college students vary by state? Figure 1.9 is a histogram of the numbers of undergraduate students in each of the states.⁶ Notice that more than 50% of the states are included in the first bar of the histogram. These states have fewer than 300,000 undergraduates. The next bar includes another 30% of the states. These have between 300,000 and 600,000 students. The bar at the far right of the histogram corresponds to the state of California, which has 2,685,893 undergraduates. California certainly stands apart from the other states for this variable. It is an outlier.