12.9 What’s wrong? In each of the following, identify what is wrong and then either explain why it is wrong or change the wording of the statement to make it true.

  1. (a) Within-group variation is the variation in the data due to the differences in the sample means.

  2. (b) The mean squares in an ANOVA table will add; that is, MST = MSG + MSE.

  3. (c) The pooled estimate sp is a parameter of the ANOVA model.

  4. (d) A very small P-value implies that the group distributions of responses are far apart.