EXAMPLE 2.33

Is the calcium intake adequate? Young children need calcium in their diet to support the growth of their bones. The Institute of Medicine provides guidelines for how much calcium should be consumed for people of different ages.²³ One study examined whether or not a sample of children consumed an adequate amount of calcium, based on these guidelines. Because there are different requirements for children aged 5 to 10 years and for children aged 11 to 13 years of age, the children were classified into these two age groups. For each student, his or her calcium intake was classified as meeting or not meeting the requirement. There were 2029 children in the study. Here are the data:²⁴

We see that 194 children aged 5 to 10 did not meet the calcium requirement, and 861 children aged 5 to 10 years met the calcium requirement.