3.31 What is needed? Explain what is deficient in each of the following proposed experiments and explain how you would improve the experiment.

1. (a) Two product promotion offers are to be compared. The first, which offers two items for $2, will be used in a store on Friday. The second, which offers three items for $3, will be used in the same store on Saturday.

2. (b) A study compares two marketing campaigns to encourage individuals to eat more fruits and vegetables. The first campaign is launched in Florida at the same time that the second campaign is launched in Minnesota.

3. (c) You want to evaluate the effectiveness of a new investment strategy. You try the strategy for one year and evaluate the performance of the strategy.