6.56 Even more on determining hypotheses. In each of the following situations, state an appropriate null hypothesis H₀ and alternative hypothesis H_a. Be sure to identify the parameters that you use to state the hypotheses. (We have not yet learned how to test these hypotheses.)

1. (a) A sociologist asks a large sample of high school students which television channel they like best. She suspects that a higher percent of males than of females will name MTV as their favorite channel.

2. (b) An education researcher randomly divides sixth-grade students into two groups for physical education class. He teaches both groups basketball skills, using the same methods of instruction in both classes. He encourages Group A with compliments and other positive behavior but acts cool and neutral toward Group B. He hopes to show that positive teacher attitudes result in a higher mean score on a test of basketball skills than do neutral attitudes.

3. (c) An education researcher believes that, among college students, there is a negative correlation between time spent at social network sites and self-esteem, measured on a 0 to 100 scale. To test this, she gathers social-networking information and self-esteem data from a sample of students at your college.