7.55 What is wrong? In each of the following situations, identify what is wrong and then either explain why it is wrong or change the wording of the statement to make it true.

1. (a) A researcher wants to test versus the two-sided alternative .

2. (b) A study recorded the IQ scores of 100 college freshmen. The scores of the 56 males in the study were compared with the scores of all 100 freshmen using the two-sample methods of this section.

3. (c) A two-sample t statistic gave a P-value of 0.94. From this, we can reject the null hypothesis with 90% confidence.

4. (d) A researcher is interested in testing the one-sided alternative . The significance test gave . Because the P-value for the two-sided alternative is 0.036, he concluded that his P-value was 0.018.