EXAMPLE 9.15

The goodness-of-fit test from software. Software output from Minitab, SPSS, and JMP for this problem is given in Figure 9.10. Minitab and SPSS report the -value as 0.968. JMP gives an additional place after the decimal, 0.9679. Note that the SPSS output includes a column titled “Residual.” For tables of counts, a residual for a cell is defined as

that the residual reported by SPSS is the numerator of this ratio. The chi-square statistic is the sum of the squares of these residuals.