Notes

CHAPTER 2

1. Shana M. Wilson et al., “Prediction of emotional eating during adolescents’ transition to college: Does body mass index moderate the association between stress and emotional eating?’’ Journal of American College Health, 63, No. 3 (2015), pp. 163–170.
2. See Note 1.
3. See cfs.purdue.edu/fn/campcalcium/ for information about findings from these camps.
4. See consumerreports.org.
5. From consumerreports.org/cro/laundry-detergents.htm.
6. Data for 2014 from usgovernmentspending.com/compare_state_education_spend.
7. These studies were conducted by Connie Weaver, Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, over the past 20 years. The data for this example were provided by Linda McCabe. More details concerning this particular study and references to other related studies are given in Lu Wu et al. “Calcium requirements and metabolism in Chinese-American boys and girls,’’ Journal of Bone Mineral Research, 25, No. 8 (2010), pp. 1842–1849.
8. A sophisticated treatment of improvements and additions to scatterplots is W. S. Cleveland and R. McGill, “The many faces of a scatterplot,’’ Journal of the American Statistical Association, 79 (1984), pp. 807–822.
9. Data provided by Mary Ann Lila, Director, Plants for Human Health Institute, David H. Murdock Distinguished Professor, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University.
10. From nrcan.gc.ca/energy/efficiency/11938.
11. Stewart Warden et al., “Throwing induces substantial torsional adaption within the midshaft humerus of male baseball players,’’ Bone, 45 (2009), pp. 931–941. The data were provided by Stewart Warden, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University.
12. See beer100.com/beercalories.htm.
13. See spectrumtechniques.com/isotope_generator.htm.
14. These data were collected under the supervision of Zach Grigsby, Science Express Coordinator, College of Science, Purdue University.
15. See worldbank.org.
16. A careful study of this phenomenon is W. S. Cleveland, P. Diaconis, and R. McGill, “Variables on scatterplots look more highly correlated when the scales are increased,’’ Science, 216 (1982), pp. 1138–1141.
17. Data from a plot in James A. Levine, Norman L. Eberhardt, and Michael D. Jensen, “Role of nonexercise activity thermogenesis in resistance to fat gain in humans,’’ Science, 283 (1999), pp. 212–214.
18. From the Digest of Education Statistics at the website of the National Center for Education Statistics, nces.ed.gov/programs/digest.
19. Frank J. Anscombe, “Graphs in statistical analysis,’’ American Statistician, 27 (1973), pp. 17–21.
20. From the website of the National Center for Education Statistics, nces.ed.gov.
21. Debora L. Arsenau, “Comparison of diet management instruction for patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: Learning activity package vs. group instruction,’’ Master’s thesis, Purdue University, 1993.
22. See Note 19.
23. See iom.edu.
24. Based on a study described in Corby C. Martin et al., “Children in school cafeterias select foods containing more saturated fat and energy than the Institute of Medicine recommendations,’’ Journal of Nutrition, 140 (2010), pp. 1653–1660.

N-3
25. You can find a clear and comprehensive discussion of numerical measures of association for categorical data in Chapter 2 of Alan Agresti, Categorical Data Analysis, 2nd ed., Wiley, 2002.
26. Edward Bumgardner, “Loss of teeth as a disqualification for military service,’’ Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 18 (1903), pp. 217–219.
27. Based on The Ethics of American Youth—2012, available from the Josephson Institute at charactercounts.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ReportCard-2012-DataTables.pdf.
28. From M.-Y. Chen et al., “Adequate sleep among adolescents is positively associated with health status and health-related behaviors,’’ BMC Public Health, 6, No. 59 (2006); available from bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-6-59.
29. M. S. Linet et al., “Residential exposure to magnetic fields and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children,’’ New England Journal of Medicine, 337 (1997), pp. 1–7.
30. The Health Consequences of Smoking: 1983, U.S. Public Health Service, 1983.
31. OECD StatExtracts, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, downloaded on June 29, 2008, from stats.oecd.org/wbos.
32. See www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/index-eng.cfm.
33. From en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10000_metres.
34. For an overview of remote deposit capture, see remotedepositcapture.com/overview/rdc.overview.aspx.
35. From the “Community Bank Competitiveness Survey,’’ 2008, ABA Banking Journal. The survey is available at nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/sb/ababj-compsurv08/index.php.
36. The counts reported were calculated using counts of the numbers of banks in the different regions and the percents given in the ABA report.
37. Education Indicators: An International Perspective, Institute of Education Studies, National Center for Education Statistics; see nces.ed.gov/surveys/international.
38. Information about this procedure was provided by Samuel Flanigan of U.S. News & World Report. See colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges for a description of the variables used to construct the ranks and for the most recent ranks.
39. We thank Zhiyong Cai of Texas A&M University for providing the data. The data are from work performed in connection with his PhD dissertation in the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University.
40. Although these data are fictitious, similar though less simple situations occur. See P. J. Bickel and J. W. O’Connell, “Is there a sex bias in graduate admissions?’’ Science, 187 (1975), pp. 398–404.
41. Condensed from D. R. Appleton, J. M. French, and M. P. J. Vanderpump, “Ignoring a covariate: An example of Simpson’s paradox,’’ The American Statistician, 50 (1996), pp. 340–341.
42. Lien-Ti Bei, “Consumers’ purchase behavior toward recycled products: An acquisition-transaction utility theory perspective,’’ MS thesis, Purdue University, 1993.