if (typeof xBookGlossaryTermsObj == "undefined") {
var xBookGlossaryTermsObj = { };
}
xBookGlossaryTermsObj['fortsumter'] = "Fort Sumter: Union fort that guarded the harbor in Charleston, South Carolina. The Confederacy’s decision to fire on the fort and block resupply in April 1861 marked the beginning of the Civil War.";
xBookGlossaryTermsObj['contraband'] = "contraband: Designation assigned to escaped slaves by Union general Benjamin Butler in May 1861. By designating slaves as property forfeited by the act of rebellion, the Union was able to strike at slavery without proclaiming a general emancipation.";
xBookGlossaryTermsObj['battleofshiloh'] = "Battle of Shiloh: April 1862 battle in Tennessee that provided the Union entrance to the Mississippi valley. Shiloh was the bloodiest battle in American history to that point.";
xBookGlossaryTermsObj['emancipationproclamation'] = "Emancipation Proclamation: January 1, 1863, proclamation that declared all slaves in areas still in rebellion “forever free.” While stopping short of abolishing slavery, the Emancipation Proclamation was, nonetheless, seen by blacks and abolitionists as a great victory.";
xBookGlossaryTermsObj['ussanitarycommission'] = "U.S. Sanitary Commission: Federal organization established in June 1861 to improve and coordinate the medical care of Union soldiers. Northern women played a key role in the commission.";
xBookGlossaryTermsObj['greenbacks'] = "greenbacks: U.S. treasury notes issued by the federal government during the Civil War. Using its new control over the currency and banking systems, the federal government issued large quantities of greenbacks during the war, contributing to inflation.";
xBookGlossaryTermsObj['womensnationalloyalleague'] = "Women’s National Loyal League: Organization founded by abolitionist women during the Civil War to press Lincoln and Congress to enact universal emancipation.";
xBookGlossaryTermsObj['enrollmentact'] = "Enrollment Act: March 1863 Union draft law that provided for draftees to be selected by an impartial lottery. A loophole in the law that allowed wealthy Americans to escape service by paying $300 or hiring a substitute created widespread resentment.";
xBookGlossaryTermsObj['copperheads'] = "Copperheads: Northern Democrats who did not support the Union war effort. Such Democrats enjoyed considerable support in eastern cities and parts of the Midwest.";
xBookGlossaryTermsObj['gettysburg'] = "Gettysburg: Key July 1863 battle that helped turn the tide for the Union. Union victory at Gettysburg, combined with a victory at Vicksburg that same month, positioned the Union to push farther into the South.";
xBookGlossaryTermsObj['totalwar'] = "total war: The strategy of attacking civilian as well as military targets. Engaging in a war of attrition to wear down the Confederacy, General Grant and his commanders used this strategy in 1864 and 1865.";
xBookGlossaryTermsObj['fieldordernumber15'] = "Field Order Number 15: Order issued by General Sherman in January 1865 setting aside more than 400,000 acres of Confederate land to be divided into plots for former slaves. Sherman’s order came in response to pressure from African American leaders.";
xBookGlossaryTermsObj['thirteenthamendment'] = "Thirteenth Amendment: Amendment to the Constitution abolishing slavery. The Thirteenth Amendment was passed in January 1865 and sent to the states for ratification.";