xBookUtils.terms['fn_10_501'] = "Note that Figure 10-1 plots growth in real GDP from four quarters earlier, rather than from the immediately preceding quarter. During the 2001 recession, this measure declined but never turned negative.";
xBookUtils.terms['fn_10_502'] = "Arthur M. Okun, “Potential GNP: Its Measurement and Significance,” in Proceedings of the Business and Economics Statistics Section, American Statistical Association (Washington, DC: American Statistical Association, 1962): 98–103; reprinted in Arthur M. Okun, Economics for Policymaking (Cambridge, MA.: MIT Press, 1983), 145–158.";
xBookUtils.terms['fn_10_503'] = "To read more about this study, see Alan S. Blinder, “On Sticky Prices: Academic Theories Meet the Real World,” in N. G. Mankiw, ed., Monetary Policy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), 117–154. For more recent evidence about the frequency of price adjustment, see Emi Nakamura and Jón Steinsson, “Five Facts About Prices: A Reevaluation of Menu Cost Models,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123, no. 4 (November 2008): 1415–1464. Nakamura and Steinsson examine the microeconomic data that underlie the consumer and producer price indexes. They report that, including temporary sales, 19 to 20 percent of prices change every month. If sales are excluded, however, the frequency of price adjustment falls to about 9 to 12 percent per month. This latter finding is broadly consistent with Blinder’s conclusion that the typical firm adjusts its prices about once a year.";
xBookUtils.terms['fn_10_504'] = "François R. Velde, “Chronicles of a Deflation Unforetold,” Journal of Political Economy 117 (August 2009): 591–634.";
xBookUtils.terms['fn_10_505'] = "Some economists have suggested that changes in oil prices played a major role in economic fluctuations even before the 1970s. See James D. Hamilton, “Oil and the Macroeconomy Since World War II,” Journal of Political Economy 91 (April 1983): 228–248.";