FIGURE 1-10 Australopithecus africanus (A) The hominid Australopithecus walked upright with free hands, as do modern humans, but its brain was about one-third the size of ours. (B) Human and Australopithecus FIGUREs compared on the basis of the most complete Australopithecus skeleton yet found, a young female about 1 meter tall, popularly known as Lucy, who lived 3 million years ago.