iii

Fifth Edition

iv

This book is dedicated to Cornelius H. “Case” Vanderwolf (1935–2015), with whom each of us studied. Case did his Ph.D. with Donald O. Hebb and postdoctoral research with Konrad Ackert and Roger Sperry, figures whose research is featured prominently in this book. He was an advocate of the theory that the study of behavior provided the window to the organization of the brain, and he was especially encouraging of our first attempt at book writing.

Publisher, Psychology and Sociology: Rachel Losh

Senior Acquisitions Editor: Daniel DeBonis

Development Editor: Barbara Brooks

Assistant Editor: Katie Pachnos

Senior Marketing Manager: Lindsay Johnson

Marketing Assistant: Morgan Ratner

Executive Media Editor: Rachel Comerford

Associate Media Editor: Jessica Lauffer

Director, Content Management Enhancement: Tracey Kuehn

Managing Editor, Sciences and Social Sciences: Lisa Kinne

Project Editor: Edgar Doolan

Media Producer: Elizabeth Dougherty

Copy Editor: Kate Daly

Senior Photo Editor: Cecilia Varas

Photo Researcher: Richard Fox

Senior Production Manager: Paul Rohloff

Director of Design, Content Management Enhancement: Diana Blume

Design Manager: Blake Logan

Interior Design: Charles Yuen

Art Manager: Matthew McAdams

Illustration Coordinator: Janice Donnola

New Illustrations: Evelyn Pence, Matthew McAdams

Composition: codeMantra

Printing and Binding: RR Donelley

Cover Art: ALFRED PASIEKA/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Getty Images

Chapter Opener Illustrations: Katherine Streeter

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015957301

ISBN-13: 978-1-4641-0601-9

ISBN-10: 1-4641-0601-0

Copyright © 2016, 2014, 2011, 2006 by Worth Publishers

All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

First printing

Worth Publishers

One New York Plaza

Suite 4500

New York, New York 10004-1562

www.macmillanhighered.com