Transgenic technique that combines genetics and light to control targeted cells in living tissue.

Procedure in which a magnetic coil is placed over the skull to stimulate the underlying brain; used either to induce behavior or to disrupt ongoing behavior.

Study of the biological bases of behavior in humans and other animals.

Technique used to determine the chemical constituents of extracellular fluid in freely moving animals.

Graded potentials recorded with electrodes placed directly on the brain’s surface.

Neurosurgical technique: electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a targeted area with a low-voltage electrical current to produce or facilitate behavior.

Magnetic resonance imaging method that can image fiber pathways in the brain by detecting the directional movements of water molecules.

Noninvasive technique that gathers light transmitted through cortical tissue to image oxygen consumption; form of optical tomography.

Following brain damage, neuroplastic ability to modify behavior from that used prior to the damage.

Design and construction of biological devices, systems, and machines not found in nature.

Technique used to identify the concentration of specific chemicals in the brain as animals behave freely.

Regular wave pattern in an electroencephalogram; found in most people when they are relaxed with eyes closed.

Caudate nucleus and putamen of the basal ganglia.

Complex electroencephalographic waveform related in time to a specific sensory event.

Hippocampal neuron maximally responsive to specific locations in the world.

Magnetic resonance imaging method that measures changes in elements such as iron or oxygen when the individual is resting (not engaged in a specific task).

Magnetic resonance imaging method that uses the hydrogen proton signal to determine the concentration of brain metabolites.

Imaging technique that detects changes in blood flow by measuring changes in the uptake of compounds such as oxygen or glucose; used to analyze the metabolic activity of neurons.

Magnetic potentials recorded from detectors placed outside the skull.

Technique that produces a static three-dimensional brain image by passing a strong magnetic field through the brain, followed by a radio wave, then measuring a radio frequency signal emitted from hydrogen atoms.

Magnetic resonance imaging in which changes in elements such as iron or oxygen are measured during the performance of a specific behavior; used to measure cerebral blood flow during behavior or resting.

Slowness or absence of movement.

Transgenic technique that combines genetics and synthetic drugs to activate targeted cells in living tissue.

Study of the relations between brain function and behavior, especially in humans.

X-ray technique that produces a static three-dimensional image of the brain in cross section—a CT scan.

Surgical instrument that permits the researcher to target a specific part of the brain.