Deficit in the visual control of reaching and other movements.

Anatomic organization that represents a functional unit six cortical layers deep and approximately 0.5 mm square, perpendicular to the cortical surface.

Central region of the retina specialized for high visual acuity; its receptive fields are at the center of the eye’s visual field.

Projections from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus to the visual cortex.

Face blindness—the inability to recognize faces; also called prosopagnosia.

Photoreceptor specialized for functioning at low light levels.

Specialized retinal neuron that transduces light into neural activity.

Blindness of one quadrant of the visual field.

Inability to recognize objects or drawings of objects.

Streaming of visual stimuli that accompanies an observer’s movement through space.

One of a group of retinal neurons with axons that give rise to the optic nerve.

Blindness of an entire left or right visual field.

Phenomenon whereby an object’s perceived color tends to remain constant relative to ther colors, regardless of changes in illumination.

Spatially organized neural representation of the external world.

Explanation of color vision based on the coding of three primary colors: red, green, and blue.

Small blind spot in the visual field caused by migraine or by a small lesion of the visual cortex.

Photoreceptor specialized for color and high visual acuity.

Visual processing pathway from V1 to the temporal lobe for object identification and perceiving related movements.

Registration by the sensory organs of physical stimuli from the environment.

Region of the visual world seen by the eyes.

Sensory region that stimulates a receptor cell or neuron.

Visual processing pathway from V1 to the parietal lobe; guides movements relative to objects.

Projections from the retina to the superior colliculus to the pulvinar (thalamus) to the parietal and temporal visual areas.

Light-sensitive surface at the back of the eye consisting of neurons and photoreceptor cells.

Small visual system neuron sensitive to differences in form and color.

Neural route formed by axons of photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGCs) from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus; allows light to entrain the SCN’s rhythmic activity.

Visual cortical areas in the occipital lobe outside the striate cortex.

Explanation of color vision that emphasizes the importance of the apparently opposing olor pairs: red versus green and blue versus yellow.

Junction of the optic nerves, one from each eye, at which the axons from the nasal halves of the retinas cross to the brain’s opposite side.

Primary visual cortex (V1) in the occipital lobe; shows stripes (striations) on staining.

Change heard as a person and a source of sound move relative to one another.

Large visual system neuron sensitive to moving stimuli and black-white vision.

Region in V1 that contains color-sensitive neurons, as revealed by staining for cytochrome oxidase.

Functional column in the visual cortex maximally responsive to information coming from one eye.

Striate cortex in the occipital lobe that receives input from the lateral geniculate nucleus.

Retinal region where axons forming the optic nerve leave the eye and blood vessels enter and leave; has no photoreceptors and is thus said to be blind.

Amount of light an object reflects relative to its surroundings.

Subjective interpretation of sensations by the brain.