Front Matter

Front Matter

About the Authors

Vision and Story of Essentials of Economics

Engaging Students in the Study of Economics

Engaging Students with a Narrative Approach

Engaging Students with Effective Tools for Learning

Engaging Students with Technology

Provides Instructors with These Resources

Acknowledgements

Credits

CHAPTER 1: First Principles

Chapter Introduction

The Ordinary Business of Life

Principles That Underlie Individual Choice:The Core of Economics

Interaction: How Economies Work

Economy-Wide Interactions

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 2: Economic Models: Trade-offs and Trade

Chapter Introduction

Models in Economics: Some Important Examples

Using Models

Solved Problem

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 2: APPENDIX: Graphs in Economics

Getting the Picture

Graphs, Variables, and Economic Models

How Graphs Work

A Key Concept: The Slope of a Curve

Calculating the Area Below or Above a Curve

Graphs That Depict Numerical Information

Solved Problem

PROBLEMS

Business Case

CHAPTER 3: Supply and Demand

Chapter Introduction

Supply and Demand: A Model of a Competitive Market

The Demand Curve

The Supply Curve

Supply, Demand, and Equilibrium

Changes in Supply and Demand

Competitive Markets—and Others

Solved Problem

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 4: Price Controls and Quotas: Meddling with Markets

Chapter Introduction

Consumer Surplus and the Demand Curve

Producer Surplus and the Supply Curve

The Gains from Trade

Why Governments Control Prices

Price Ceilings

Price Floors

Controlling Quantities

Solved Problem

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 5: Elasticity and Taxation

Chapter Introduction

Defining and Measuring Elasticity

Interpreting the Price Elasticity of Demand

Other Demand Elasticities

The Price Elasticity of Supply

An Elasticity Menagerie

The Benefits and Costs of Taxation

Solved Problem

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

PROBLEMS

Business Case

CHAPTER 6: Behind the Supply Curve: Inputs and Costs

Chapter Introduction

The Production Function

Two Key Concepts: Marginal Cost and Average Cost

Short-Run versus Long-Run Costs

Solved Problem

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 7: Perfect Competition and the Supply Curve

Chapter Introduction

Perfect Competition

Production and Profits

The Industry Supply Curve

Solved Problem

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

PROBLEMS

Business Case

CHAPTER 8: Monopoly

Chapter Introduction

Types of Market Structure

The Meaning of Monopoly

How a Monopolist Maximizes Profit

Monopoly and Public Policy

Price Discrimination

Solved Problem

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 9: Oligopoly and Monopolistic Competition

Chapter Introduction

The Meaning of Oligopoly

Games Oligopolists Play

The Meaning of Monopolistic Competition

Solved Problem

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

PROBLEMS

Business Case

CHAPTER 10: Externalities and Public Goods

Chapter Introduction

Externalities

Policies Toward Pollution

Positive Externalities

Public Goods

Solved Problem

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 11: Poverty, Inequality, and the Welfare State

Chapter Introduction

Poverty, Inequality, and Public Policy

The U.S. Welfare State

The Economics of Health Care

The Debate over the Welfare State

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

PROBLEMS

Business Case

CHAPTER 12: Macroeconomics: The Big Picture

Chapter Introduction

The Nature of Macroeconomics

The Business Cycle

Long-Run Economic Growth

Inflation and Deflation

International Imbalances

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 13: GDP and the CPI: Tracking the Macroeconomy

Chapter Introduction

Measuring the Macroeconomy

Real GDP: A Measure of Aggregate Output

Price Indexes and the Aggregate Price Level

SOLVED PROBLEM

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 14: Unemployment and Inflation

Chapter Introduction

The Unemployment Rate

The Natural Rate of Unemployment

Inflation and Deflation

Solved Problem

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

PROBLEMS

Business Case

CHAPTER 15: Long-Run Economic Growth

Chapter Introduction

Comparing Economies Across Time and Space

The Sources of Long-Run Growth

Why Growth Rates Differ

Success, Disappointment, and Failure

Is World Growth Sustainable?

Solved Problem

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 16: Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply

Chapter Introduction

Aggregate Demand

Aggregate Supply

The AD–AS Model

Macroeconomic Policy

Solved Problem

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

PROBLEMS

Business Case

CHAPTER 17: GDP and the CPI: Tracking the Macroeconomy

Chapter Introduction

Fiscal Policy: The Basics

Fiscal Policy and the Multiplier

The Budget Balance

Long-Run Implications of Fiscal Policy

Solved Problem

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 18: Money, Banking, and the Federal Reserve System

Chapter Introduction

The Meaning of Money

The Monetary Role of Banks

Determining the Money Supply

The Federal Reserve System

The Evolution of the American Banking System

Solved problem

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

PROBLEMS

CHAPTER 19: Monetary policy

Chapter Introduction

The Demand for Money

Money and Interest Rates

Monetary Policy and Aggregate Demand

Money, Output, and Prices in the Long Run

Solved Problem

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

PROBLEMS

Business Case

CHAPTER 20: International Trade, Capital Flows, and Exchange Rates

Chapter Introduction

Comparative Advantage and International Trade

Supply, Demand, and International Trade

The Effects of Trade Protection

Capital Flows and the Balance of Payments

The Role of the Exchange Rate

Solved Problem

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

PROBLEMS

Business Case