Key Terms

Match each of the terms on the left with its definition on the right. Click on the term first and then click on the matching definition. As you match them correctly they will move to the bottom of the activity.

Question

Willingness to pay
Individual consumer surplus
Total consumer surplus
Consumer surplus
Cost
Individual producer surplus
Total producer surplus
Producer surplus
Total Surplus
Price controls
Price ceiling
Price floor
Deadweight loss
Inefficient allocation to consumers
Wasted Resources
Black Market
Minimum wage
Inefficient Allocation of Sales Among Sellers
Inefficiently High Quality
Quantity control
Quota
Quota limit
License
Demand price
Supply price
Wedge
Quota rent
the price of a given quantity at which consumers will demand that quantity
the lowest price at which a seller is willing to sell a good
the net gain to an individual buyer from the purchase of a good; equal to the difference between the buyer’s willingness to pay and the price paid
the total amount of a good under a quota or quantity control that can be legally transacted
a form of inefficiency in which people expend money, effort, and time to cope with the shortages caused by a price ceiling.
an upper limit on the quantity of some good that can be bought or sold; also referred to as a quota
a market in which goods or services are bought and sold illegally, either because it is illegal to sell them at all or because the prices charged are legally prohibited by a price ceiling.
the minimum price buyers are required to pay for a good or service; a form of price control
the maximum price sellers are allowed to charge for a good or service; a form of price control
a legal floor on the wage rate. The wage rate is the market price of labor
an upper limit on the quantity of some good that can be bought or sold; also referred to as a quantity control.
the net gain to an individual seller from selling a good; equal to the difference between the price received and the seller’s cost.
a term often used to refer both to individual consumer surplus and to total consumer surplus.
the difference between the demand price and the supply price at the quota limit; this difference, the earnings that accrue to the licenseholder, is equal to the market price of the license when the license is traded
a form of inefficiency in which people who want a good badly and are willing to pay a high price don’t get it, and those who care relatively little about the good and are only willing to pay a low price do get it; often a result of a price ceiling.
the sum of the individual consumer surpluses of all the buyers of a good in a market
the total net gain to consumers and producers from trading in a market; the sum of the consumer surplus and the producer surplus.
refers to either individual producer surplus or total producer surplus.
the sum of the individual producer surpluses of all the sellers of a good in a market
the price of a given quantity at which producers will supply that quantity
a form of inefficiency in which sellers offer highquality goods at a high price even though buyers would prefer a lower quality at a lower price; often the result of a price floor.
the right, conferred by the government or an owner, to supply a good
a form of inefficiency in which those who would be willing to sell a good at the lowest price are not always those who actually manage to sell it; often the result of a price floor
the loss in total surplus that occurs whenever an action or a policy reduces the quantity transacted below the efficient market equilibrium quantity.
the difference between the demand price of the quantity transacted and the supply price of the quantity transacted for a good when the supply of the good is legally restricted. Often created by a quantity control, or quota
the maximum price a consumer is prepared to pay for a good
legal restrictions on how high or low a market price may go

Willingness to pay, p. 106

Individual consumer surplus, p. 107

Total consumer surplus, p. 107

Consumer surplus, p. 107

Cost, p. 109

Individual producer surplus, p. 109

Total producer surplus, p. 109

Producer surplus, p. 109

Total surplus, p. 112

Price controls, p. 113

Price ceiling, p. 113

Price floor, p. 113

Deadweight loss, p. 116

Inefficient allocation to consumers, p. 118

Wasted resources, p. 119

Inefficiently low quality, p. 119

Black markets, p. 119

Minimum wage, p. 122

Inefficient allocation of sales among sellers, p. 125

Inefficiently high quality, p. 125

Quantity control, p. 128

Quota, p. 128

Quota limit, p. 128

License, p. 128

Demand price, p. 129

Supply price, p. 129

Wedge, p. 131

Quota rent, p. 131