Figure 11.24 Does It Take Multiple Events to Trigger the Cancer Cell Cycle?

Original Papers: Land, H., L. Parada and R. A. Weinberg. 1983. Tumorigenic conversion of primary embryo fibroblasts required at least two cooperating oncogenes. Nature 304: 596–602.

Sinn, E., W. Muller, P. Pattengale, I. Tepler, R. Wallace and P. Leder. 1987. Coexpression of MMTV-Hras and MMTV/c-myc genes in transgenic mice: Synergistic action of oncogenes in vivo. Cell 49: 465–475.

Experiments using mouse cells in the laboratory showed that the expression of more than one oncogene is required to transform a normal cell into a cancer cell.