Predator–prey interactions are probably the most familiar, and perhaps the most dramatic, type of species interaction. Even though carnivory, herbivory, and parasitism all involve the simple interaction of one species eating another species, they often defy categorization. For example, a carnivore might sometimes function like an herbivore by eating berries and roots, or an insect might be considered an herbivore or a parasite if it spends its entire life feeding on a single tree. In addition, predators can differ considerably in the ways they affect their prey’s population dynamics if the prey species is not killed in the process. Despite these complications, we will explore predation by considering carnivory, herbivory, and parasitism separately. We will end by drawing on some generalities regarding population and community consequences of predation.