Life

The Science of Biology

ELEVENTH EDITION

SINAUER ASSOCIATES

MACMILLAN

David Sadava

The Claremont Colleges

David M. Hillis

University of Texas, Austin

H. Craig Heller

Stanford University

Sally D. Hacker

Oregon State University

The Cover

The cover depicts the extraordinary sight of coordinated movement—or murmuration—of a flock of starlings in response to a potential predator (a hawk). Individual birds coordinate their flight by sending, receiving, and processing signals from their immediate neighbors, although the exact processes that allow a flock of starlings to respond in almost perfect unison are still unknown. Murmuration is one of the most visible and beautiful examples of a critical transition, in which small perturbations to a system result in major transformations. Such critical transitions are important in many areas of biology, from the action of individual proteins and cells to the behavior of flocks of birds.

The Frontispiece

Schooling in fish is highly synchronized and (like murmuration in starlings) is sometimes a defense against a predator, in this case a blacktop reef shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus) at Baa Atoll, Maldives. Photo © Frank Krahmer/ Getty Images.

Life: The Science of Biology, Eleventh Edition

Copyright © 2017 by Sinauer Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.

This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part without permission.

Address Editorial Correspondence To:

Sinauer Associates, Inc., P.O. Box 407, Sunderland, MA 01375-0407 U.S.A.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Sadava, David E., author.

Title: Life: The science of biology / David Sadava, The Claremont Colleges, David M. Hillis, University of Texas, H. Craig Heller, Stanford University, Sally D. Hacker, Oregon State University.

Description: Eleventh edition. | Sunderland, MA : Sinauer Associates, Inc., 2016. | Includes index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2016032791 | ISBN 9781319010164

Subjects: LCSH: Biology--Textbooks.

Classification: LCC QH308.2 .L565 2016 | DDC 570--dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016032791