http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch65_1.htmlChapter Introduction580e1d17757a2e7f69000003
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch65_1_dlap.xmlDLAP questions580e1d17757a2e7f69000003
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch65_2.htmlLife The Science of Biology
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch65_3.htmlThe Vision of Life: The Science of Biology
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch65_4.htmlLife is ENGAGING
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch65_5.htmlLife is ACTIVE
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch65_6.htmlLife is FOCUSED ON SKILLS
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch65_7.htmlLife in LAUNCHPAD
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch65_8.htmlLife and ASSESSMENT
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch65_9.htmlLife is VISUAL
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch65_10.htmlLife is CURRENT
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch65_11.htmlAcclaim for Life
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch65_12.htmlAuthors
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch65_13.htmlAcknowledgments
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch65_14.htmlReviewers and Contributors
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch65_15.htmlMedia and Supplements
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_1.htmlChapter Introduction5743404a757a2ea618000005
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_2.htmlkey concept1.1Living Organisms Share Similarities and a Common Origin
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_3.htmlLife arose from non-life via chemical evolution
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_4.htmlCellular structure evolved in the common ancestor of life
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_5.htmlPhotosynthesis allows some organisms to capture energy from the sun
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_6.htmlBiological information is stored in a genetic code common to all organisms
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_7.htmlPopulations of all living organisms evolve
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_8.htmlBiologists trace the evolutionary tree of life
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_9.htmlCellular differentiation and specialization underlie multicellular life
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_10.htmlOrganisms extract energy and raw materials from the environment
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_11.htmlLiving organisms must regulate their internal environment
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_12.htmlLiving organisms interact
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_13.htmlrecap5743404a757a2ea618000005
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_14.htmlkey concept1.2Biologists Investigate Life through Experiments That Test Hypotheses
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_15.htmlObserving and quantifying are important skills
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_16.htmlScientific methods combine observation, experimentation, and logic
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_18.htmlStatistical methods are essential scientific tools
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_19.htmlDiscoveries in biology can be generalized
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_20.htmlNot all forms of inquiry are scientific
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_22.htmlkey concept1.3Understanding Biology Is Important for Health, Well-Being, and Public-Policy Decisions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_23.htmlModern agriculture depends on biology
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_24.htmlBiology is the basis of medical practice
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_26.htmlBiology is crucial for understanding ecosystems
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_27.htmlBiodiversity helps us understand, enjoy, and appreciate our world
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_29.htmlInvestigating Life5743404a757a2ea618000005
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_30.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch01_31.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch02_1.htmlChapter Introduction5745e9b2757a2e6045000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch02_2.htmlkey concept2.1Atomic Structure Explains the Properties of Matter
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch02_3.htmlWhat are atoms?
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch02_4.htmlAn element consists of only one kind of atom
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch02_5.htmlEach element has a unique number of protons
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch02_6.htmlThe number of neutrons differs among isotopes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch02_7.htmlThe behavior of electrons determines chemical bonding and geometry
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch02_9.htmlkey concept2.2Atoms Bond to Form Molecules
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch02_10.htmlCovalent bonds consist of shared pairs of electrons
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch02_11.htmlIonic attractions form by electrical attraction
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch02_12.htmlHydrogen bonds may form within or between molecules with polar covalent bonds
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch02_13.htmlHydrophobic interactions bring together nonpolar molecules
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch02_14.htmlvan der Waals forces involve contacts between atoms
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch02_16.htmlkey concept2.3Atoms Change Partners in Chemical Reactions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch02_18.htmlkey concept2.4Water Is Critical for Life
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch02_19.htmlWater has a unique structure and special properties
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch02_20.htmlThe reactions of life take place in aqueous solutions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch02_23.htmlInvestigating Life5745e9b2757a2e6045000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch02_24.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_1.htmlChapter Introduction577160fb757a2ef06a000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_2.htmlkey concept3.1Macromolecules Characterize Living Things
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_4.htmlThe structures of macromolecules reflect their functions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_5.htmlMost macromolecules are formed by condensation and broken down by hydrolysis
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_7.htmlkey concept3.2The Function of a Protein Depends on Its Three-Dimensional Structure
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_9.htmlPeptide linkages form the backbone of a protein
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_10.htmlThe primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_11.htmlThe secondary structure of a protein requires hydrogen bonding
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_12.htmlThe tertiary structure of a protein is formed by bending and folding
577160fb757a2ef06a000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_13.htmlThe quaternary structure of a protein consists of subunits
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_14.htmlShape and surface chemistry contribute to protein function
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_15.htmlEnvironmental conditions affect protein structure
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_17.htmlMolecular chaperones help shape proteins
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_19.htmlkey concept3.3Simple Sugars Are the Basic Structural Unit of Carbohydrates
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_20.htmlMonosaccharides are simple sugars
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_21.htmlGlycosidic linkages bond monosaccharides
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_22.htmlPolysaccharides store energy and provide structural materials
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_23.htmlChemically modified carbohydrates contain additional functional groups
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_25.htmlkey concept3.4Lipids Are Defined by Their Solubility Rather Than by Chemical Structure
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_26.htmlFats and oils are triglycerides
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_27.htmlPhospholipids form biological membranes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_28.htmlSome lipids have roles in energy conversion, regulation, and protection
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_29_dlap.xmlDLAP questions577160fb757a2ef06a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_30.htmlInvestigating Life577160fb757a2ef06a000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_31.htmlChapter Summary
577160fb757a2ef06a000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch03_32.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_1.htmlChapter Introduction577267fc757a2ed971000002
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_1_dlap.xmlDLAP questions577267fc757a2ed971000002
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_2.htmlkey concept4.1Nucleic Acid Structures Reflect Their Functions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_3.htmlNucleic acids are informational macromolecules
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_4.htmlBase pairing occurs in both DNA and RNA
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_5.htmlDNA carries information and is expressed through RNA
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_6.htmlThe DNA base sequence reveals evolutionary relationships
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_7.htmlNucleotides have other important roles
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_9.htmlkey concept4.2The Small Molecules of Life Originated on Primitive Earth
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_10.htmlLiving organisms do not repeatedly come from inanimate nature
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_11.htmlLife began in water
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_12.htmlPrebiotic synthesis experiments model early Earth
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_13.htmlLife may have come from outside Earth
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_15.htmlkey concept4.3The Large Molecules of Life Originated from Small Molecules
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_16.htmlComplex molecules could be formed from simpler ones on primitive Earth
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_17.htmlRNA may have been the first biological catalyst
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_19.htmlkey concept4.4Cells Originated from Their Molecular Building Blocks
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_20.htmlHow did the first cells with membranes come into existence?
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_21.htmlSome ancient cells left a fossil imprint
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_23.htmlInvestigating Life577267fc757a2ed971000002
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_24.htmlChapter Summary
577267fc757a2ed971000002
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch04_25.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_1.htmlChapter Introduction577283f2757a2eed6f000007
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_1_dlap.xmlDLAP questions577283f2757a2eed6f000007
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_2.htmlkey concept5.1Cells Are the Fundamental Units of Life
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_3.htmlWhat is the cell theory?
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_4.htmlCell size is limited by the surface area-to-volume ratio
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_5.htmlMicroscopes reveal the features of cells
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_6.htmlThe cell membrane forms an outer boundary of every cell
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_7.htmlCells may be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_9.htmlkey concept5.2Prokaryotic Cells Are the Simplest Cells
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_10.htmlWhat are the features of prokaryotic cells?
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_11.htmlSpecialized features are found in some prokaryotes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_13.htmlkey concept5.3Eukaryotic Cells Contain Organelles
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_14.htmlCompartmentalization is important to eukaryotic cell function
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_15.htmlOrganelles can be studied by microscopy or isolated for chemical analysis
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_16.html Ribosomes are factories for protein synthesis
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_17.html The nucleus contains most of the genetic information
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_18.htmlThe endomembrane system is a group of interrelated organelles
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_19.htmlSome organelles transform energy
577283f2757a2eed6f000007
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_20.htmlThere are several other membrane-enclosed organelles
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_21.html The cytoskeleton is important in cell structure and movement
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_22.htmlBiologists can manipulate living systems to establish cause and effect
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_24.htmlkey concept5.4Extracellular Structures Have Important Roles
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_25.htmlWhat is the plant cell wall?
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_26.htmlThe extracellular matrix supports tissue functions in animals
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_28.htmlkey concept5.5Eukaryotic Cells Evolved in Several Steps
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_29.htmlInternal membranes and the nuclear envelope probably came from the cell membrane
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_30.htmlSome organelles arose by endosymbiosis
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_32.htmlInvestigating Life577283f2757a2eed6f000007
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch05_33.htmlChapter Summary
577283f2757a2eed6f000007
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch08_24.htmlNot all enzymes are proteins
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch08_25.htmlSome enzymes require other molecules in order to function
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch08_26.htmlThe substrate concentration affects the reaction rate
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch08_28.htmlkey concept8.5Enzyme Activities Can Be Regulated
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch08_29.htmlEnzymes can be regulated by inhibitors
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch08_30.htmlAllosteric enzymes are controlled via changes in shape
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch08_31.htmlAllosteric effects regulate many metabolic pathways
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch08_32.htmlMany enzymes are regulated through reversible phosphorylation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch08_33.htmlEnzymes are affected by their environment
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch08_35.htmlInvestigating Life5774100a757a2e760f000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch08_36.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch08_37.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_1.htmlChapter Introduction57742271757a2e5d11000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_2.htmlkey concept9.1Cells Harvest Chemical Energy from Glucose Oxidation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_2_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57742271757a2e5d11000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_3.htmlHow do cells obtain energy from glucose?
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_3_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57742271757a2e5d11000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_4.htmlRedox reactions transfer electrons and energy
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_4_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57742271757a2e5d11000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_5.htmlThe coenzyme NAD+ is a key electron carrier in redox reactions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_5_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57742271757a2e5d11000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_6.htmlAn overview: Harvesting energy from glucose
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_8.htmlkey concept9.2In the Presence of Oxygen, Glucose Is Fully Oxidized
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_8_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57742271757a2e5d11000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_9.htmlIn the glycolysis pathway, glucose is partially oxidized
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_10.htmlPyruvate oxidation links glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_11.htmlThe citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of glucose to CO257742271757a2e5d11000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_12.htmlPyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle are regulated by the concentrations of starting materials
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_14.htmlkey concept9.3Oxidative Phosphorylation Forms ATP
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_14_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57742271757a2e5d11000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_15.htmlWhat are the steps in oxidative phosphorylation?
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_16.htmlThe respiratory chain transfers electrons and protons, and releases energy
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_17.htmlATP is made through chemiosmosis
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_18.htmlExperiments demonstrate chemiosmosis
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_19.htmlSome microorganisms use non-O2 electron acceptors
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_21.htmlkey concept9.4In the Absence of Oxygen, Some Energy Is Harvested from Glucose
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_21_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57742271757a2e5d11000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_22.htmlCellular respiration yields much more energy than fermentation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_23.htmlThe yield of ATP is reduced by the impermeability of mitochondria to NADH
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_25.htmlkey concept9.5Metabolic Pathways Are Interrelated and Regulated
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_26.htmlCatabolism and anabolism are linked
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_27.htmlCatabolism and anabolism are integrated
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_28.htmlMetabolic pathways are regulated systems
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_30.htmlInvestigating Life57742271757a2e5d11000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_31.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch09_32.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_1.htmlChapter Introduction577520b7757a2e6015000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_2.htmlkey concept10.1Photosynthesis Uses Light to Make Carbohydrates
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_2_dlap.xmlDLAP questions577520b7757a2e6015000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_3.htmlPhotosynthesis involves light and gas exchange
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_4.htmlExperiments with isotopes show that O2 comes from H2O in oxygenic photosynthesis
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_5.htmlPhotosynthesis involves two pathways
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_7.htmlkey concept10.2Photosynthesis Converts Light Energy into Chemical Energy
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_8.htmlLight energy is absorbed by pigments in photosynthesis
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_9.htmlLight absorption results in photochemical change
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_10.htmlReduction leads to ATP and NADPH formation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_11.htmlChemiosmosis is the source of the ATP produced in photophosphorylation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_13.htmlkey concept10.3Chemical Energy Trapped in Photosynthesis Is Used to Synthesize Carbohydrates
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_14.htmlHow were the steps in carbohydrate synthesis elucidated?
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_15.htmlThe Calvin cycle is made up of three processes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_16.htmlLight stimulates the Calvin cycle
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_18.htmlkey concept10.4Plants Have Adapted Photosynthesis to Environmental Conditions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_19.htmlHow do some plants overcome the limitations of CO2 fixation?
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_20.htmlC3 plants undergo photorespiration but C4 plants do not
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_21.htmlCAM plants also use PEP carboxylase
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_23.htmlkey concept10.5Photosynthesis Is an Integral Part of Plant Metabolism
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_24.htmlPhotosynthesis interacts with other metabolic pathways
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_26.htmlInvestigating Life577520b7757a2e6015000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch10_27.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch11_1.htmlChapter Introduction578af715757a2e195c000003
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch11_2.htmlkey concept 11.1 All Cells Derive from Other Cells
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch11_3.htmlProkaryotes divide by binary fission
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch11_4.htmlEukaryotic cells divide by mitosis followed by cytokinesis
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch11_6.htmlkey concept 11.2 The Eukaryotic Cell Division Cycle Is Regulated
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch11_10.htmlkey concept 11.3 Eukaryotic Cells Divide by Mitosis
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch11_11.htmlThe centrosomes determine the plane of cell division
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch11_12.htmlThe spindle begins to form during prophase
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch11_13.htmlChromosome separation and movement are highly organized
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch11_16.htmlkey concept 11.4 Cell Division Plays Important Roles in the Sexual Life Cycle
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch11_19.htmlkey concept 11.5 Meiosis Leads to the Formation of Gametes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch11_21.htmlChromatid exchanges during meiosis I generate genetic diversity
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch11_27.htmlkey concept 11.6 Cell Death Is Important in Living Organisms
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch11_30.htmlkey concept 11.7 Unregulated Cell Division Can Lead to Cancer
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch11_35.htmlInvestigating Life578af715757a2e195c000003
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch11_36.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_1.htmlChapter Introduction578d1f64757a2efc64000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_2.htmlkey concept 12.1 Inheritance of Genes Follows Mendelian Laws
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_3.htmlMendelâs laws arose from controlled crosses of pea plants
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_4.htmlMendelâs first experiments involved monohybrid crosses
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_5.htmlMendelâs first law states that the two copies of a gene segregate
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_6.htmlMendel verified his hypotheses by performing test crosses
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_7.htmlMendelâs second law states that copies of different genes assort independently
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_8.htmlProbability can be used to predict inheritance
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_9.htmlMendelâs laws can be observed in human pedigrees
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_11.htmlkey concept 12.2 Alleles Can Produce Multiple Phenotypes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_12.htmlNew alleles arise by mutation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_13.htmlMany genes have multiple alleles
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_14.htmlDominance is not always complete
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_15.htmlIn codominance, both alleles at a locus are expressed
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_18.htmlkey concept 12.3 Genes Can Interact to Produce a Phenotype
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_19.htmlHybrid vigor results from new gene combinations and interactions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_20.htmlThe environment affects gene action
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_21.htmlMost complex phenotypes are determined by multiple genes and the environment
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_23.htmlkey concept 12.4 Genes Are Carried on Chromosomes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_25.htmlGenes can be exchanged between chromatids and mapped
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_26.htmlLinkage is revealed by studies of the sex chromosomes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_28.htmlkey concept 12.5 Some Eukaryotic Genes Are Outside the Nucleus
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_30.htmlkey concept 12.6 Prokaryotes Can Transmit Genes by Mating
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_31.htmlBacteria exchange genes by conjugation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_32.htmlBacterial conjugation is controlled by plasmids
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch12_35.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_1.htmlChapter Introduction578e19b2757a2ed968000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_2.htmlkey concept 13.1 Experiments Revealed the Function of DNA as Genetic Material
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_3.htmlCircumstantial evidence indicates that the genetic material is DNA
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_4.htmlDNA from one type of bacterium genetically transforms another type
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_5.htmlViral infection experiments confirmed that DNA is the genetic material
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_6.htmlEukaryotic cells can also be genetically transformed by DNA
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_8.htmlkey concept 13.2 DNA Has a Structure That Suits Its Function
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_9.htmlHow did Watson and Crick deduce the structure of DNA?
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_10.htmlFour key features define DNA structure
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_11.htmlThe double-helical structure of DNA is essential to its function
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_13.htmlkey concept 13.3 DNA Is Replicated Semiconservatively
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_13_dlap.xmlDLAP questions578e19b2757a2ed968000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_14.htmlAn elegant experiment demonstrated that DNA replication is semiconservative
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_15.htmlThere are two steps in DNA replication
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_16.htmlDNA polymerases add nucleotides to the growing chain
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_17.htmlMany other proteins assist with DNA polymerization
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_17_dlap.xmlDLAP questions578e19b2757a2ed968000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_18.htmlThe two DNA strands grow differently at the replication fork
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_19.htmlTelomeres are not fully replicated and are prone to repair
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_19_dlap.xmlDLAP questions578e19b2757a2ed968000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_21.htmlkey concept 13.4 Errors in DNA Can Be Repaired
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_21_dlap.xmlDLAP questions578e19b2757a2ed968000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_22.htmlRepair mechanisms preserve DNA
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_22_dlap.xmlDLAP questions578e19b2757a2ed968000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_24.htmlkey concept 13.5 The Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplifies DNA
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_24_dlap.xmlDLAP questions578e19b2757a2ed968000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_25.htmlThe polymerase chain reaction can make multiple copies of a DNA sequence
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_27.htmlInvestigating Life578e19b2757a2ed968000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_27_dlap.xmlDLAP questions578e19b2757a2ed968000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_28.htmlChapter Summary
578e19b2757a2ed968000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_28_dlap.xmlDLAP questions578e19b2757a2ed968000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch13_29.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_1.htmlChapter Introduction573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_1_dlap.xmlDLAP questions573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_2.htmlkey concept 14.1 Genes Code for Proteins
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_2_dlap.xmlDLAP questions573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_3.htmlObservations in humans led to the proposal that genes determine enzymes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_3_dlap.xmlDLAP questions573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_4.htmlExperiments on bread mold established that genes determine enzymes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_4_dlap.xmlDLAP questions573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_5.htmlOne gene determines one polypeptide
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_7.htmlkey concept 14.2 Information Flows from Genes to Proteins
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_7_dlap.xmlDLAP questions573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_8.htmlThree types of RNA have roles in the information flow from DNA to protein
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_8_dlap.xmlDLAP questions573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_9.htmlIn some cases, RNA determines the sequence of DNA
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_11.htmlkey concept 14.3 DNA Is Transcribed to Produce RNA
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_11_dlap.xmlDLAP questions573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_12.htmlRNA polymerases share common features
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_13.htmlTranscription occurs in three steps
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_13_dlap.xmlDLAP questions573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_14.htmlThe genetic code specifies which amino acids will be included in the polypeptide
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_15_dlap.xmlDLAP questions573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_16.htmlkey concept 14.4 Eukaryotic Pre-mRNA Transcripts Are Processed prior to Translation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_16_dlap.xmlDLAP questions573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_17.htmlNoncoding sequences called introns often appear between genes in eukaryotic chromosomes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_17_dlap.xmlDLAP questions573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_18.htmlPre-mRNA processing prepares the mRNA transcript for translation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_19.htmlrecap573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_19_dlap.xmlDLAP questions573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_20.htmlkey concept 14.5 The Information in mRNA Is Translated into Proteins
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_20_dlap.xmlDLAP questions573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_21.htmlA transfer RNA carries a specific amino acid and binds to a specific mRNA codon
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_21_dlap.xmlDLAP questions573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_22.htmlEach tRNA is specifically attached to an amino acid
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_22_dlap.xmlDLAP questions573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_23.htmlThe ribosome is the workbench for translation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_23_dlap.xmlDLAP questions573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_24.htmlTranslation takes place in three steps
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_24_dlap.xmlDLAP questions573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_25.htmlPolysome formation increases the rate of protein synthesis
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_26.htmlrecap573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_27.htmlkey concept 14.6 Polypeptides Can Be Modified and Transported during or after Translation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_27_dlap.xmlDLAP questions573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_28.htmlHow are proteins directed to their cellular destinations?
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_28_dlap.xmlDLAP questions573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_29.htmlMitochondria and chloroplasts make some of their own proteins and import others
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_29_dlap.xmlDLAP questions573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_30.htmlMany proteins are modified after translation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_31.htmlrecap573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_32.htmlInvestigating Life573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_32_dlap.xmlDLAP questions573348ac757a2e3a7d000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_33.htmlChapter 14 Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch14_34.htmlApply What You've Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_1.htmlChapter Introduction578e58d3757a2eac76000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_1_dlap.xmlDLAP questions578e58d3757a2eac76000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_2.htmlkey concept 15.1 Mutations Are Heritable Changes in DNA
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_2_dlap.xmlDLAP questions578e58d3757a2eac76000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_3.htmlMutations have different phenotypic effects
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_4.htmlPoint mutations are changes in single nucleotides
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_5.htmlChromosomal mutations are extensive changes in the genetic material
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_6.htmlRetroviruses and transposons can cause loss-of-function mutations or duplications
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_7.htmlMutations can be spontaneous or induced
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_8.htmlMutagens can be natural or artificial
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_8_dlap.xmlDLAP questions578e58d3757a2eac76000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_9.htmlSome base pairs are more vulnerable than others to mutation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_10.htmlMutations have both benefits and costs
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_11_dlap.xmlDLAP questions578e58d3757a2eac76000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_12.htmlkey concept 15.2 Mutations in Humans Can Lead to Diseases
578e58d3757a2eac76000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_12_dlap.xmlDLAP questions578e58d3757a2eac76000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_13.htmlDisease-causing mutations may make proteins dysfunctional
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_13_dlap.xmlDLAP questions578e58d3757a2eac76000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_14.htmlDisease-causing mutations may involve any number of base pairs
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_15.htmlExpanding triplet repeats demonstrate the fragility of some human genes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_16.htmlCancer often involves somatic mutations
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_17.htmlMost diseases are caused by multiple genes and environment
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_18_dlap.xmlDLAP questions578e58d3757a2eac76000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_19.htmlkey concept 15.3 Mutations Can Be Detected and Analyzed
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_19_dlap.xmlDLAP questions578e58d3757a2eac76000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_20.htmlCleavage of DNA by restriction enzymes can be used to rapidly detect mutations
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_20_dlap.xmlDLAP questions578e58d3757a2eac76000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_21.htmlGel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_22.htmlDNA fingerprinting combines PCR with restriction analysis and electrophoresis
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_23.htmlDNA analysis can be used to identify mutations that lead to disease
578e58d3757a2eac76000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_24.htmlGenetic markers can be used to find disease-causing genes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_26.htmlkey concept 15.4 Genetic Screening Is Used to Detect Diseases
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_27.htmlGenetic screening can be done by examining the phenotype
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_31.htmlkey concept 15.5 Genetic Diseases Can Be Treated
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_33.htmlGene therapy offers the hope of specific treatments
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch15_36.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_1.htmlChapter Introduction5791323c757a2ecc23000003
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_2.htmlkey concept 16.1 Prokaryotic Gene Expression Is Regulated in Operons
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_3.htmlRegulating gene transcription conserves energy
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_4.htmlOperons are units of transcriptional regulation in prokaryotes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_5.htmlOperatorârepressor interactions control transcription in the lac and trp operons
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_6.htmlProtein synthesis can be controlled by increasing promoter efficiency
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_7.htmlRNA polymerases can be directed to particular classes of promoters
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_9.htmlkey concept 16.2 Eukaryotic Gene Expression Is Regulated by Transcription Factors
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_10.htmlGeneral transcription factors act at eukaryotic promoters
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_11.htmlSpecific proteins can recognize and bind to DNA sequences and regulate transcription
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_12.htmlSpecific proteinâDNA interactions underlie binding
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_13.htmlTranscription factors underlie cell differentiation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_14.htmlThe expression of sets of genes can be coordinately regulated by transcription factors
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_16.htmlkey concept 16.3 Viruses Regulate Their Gene Expression during the Reproductive Cycle
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_19.htmlHIV gene regulation occurs at the level of transcription elongation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_21.htmlkey concept 16.4 Epigenetic Changes Regulate Gene Expression
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_22.htmlDNA methylation occurs at the promoter and silences transcription
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_23.htmlHistone protein modifications affect transcription
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_25.htmlGlobal chromosome changes involve DNA methylation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_27.htmlkey concept 16.5 Eukaryotic Gene Expression Can Be Regulated after Transcription
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_28.htmlRNA splicing can result in different mRNAs being made from the same gene
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_29.htmlSmall RNAs are important regulators of gene expression
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_30.htmlTranslation of mRNA can be regulated by proteins
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch16_33.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch17_1.htmlChapter Introduction57925fc4757a2ef931000001
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch17_2.htmlkey concept 17.1 Genomes Can Be Sequenced Rapidly
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch17_3.htmlThe base sequence of a short DNA fragment can be determined quickly
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch17_4.htmlGenome sequences yield several kinds of information
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch17_6.htmlkey concept 17.2 Prokaryotic Genomes Are Compact
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch17_7.htmlProkaryotic genomes have distinctive features
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch17_8.htmlThe sequencing of prokaryotic and viral genomes has many potential benefits
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch17_9.htmlMetagenomics allows us to describe new organisms and ecosystems
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch17_10.htmlSome sequences of DNA can move about the genome
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch17_11.htmlWill defining the genes required for cellular life lead to artificial life?
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch17_13.htmlkey concept 17.3 Eukaryotic Genomes Contain Many Types of Sequences
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch17_14.htmlGenome sequences of model organisms provide important information
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch17_18.htmlkey concept 17.4 Human Biology Is Revealed through the Genome
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch17_19.htmlComparative genomics reveals the evolution of the human genome
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch17_22.htmlkey concept 17.5 Proteomics and Metabolomics Can Provide Insights beyond the Genome
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch17_23.htmlThe proteome is the complete set of proteins in a cell, tissue, or organism at a given time
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch17_26.htmlInvestigating Life57925fc4757a2ef931000001
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch17_27.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch18_1.htmlChapter Introduction57965dee757a2e4941000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch18_2.htmlkey concept 18.1 DNA from Different Sources Forms Recombinant DNA
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch18_5.htmlSelectable genetic markers are used to identify host cells containing recombinant DNA
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch18_6.htmlGenes can be inserted into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch18_8.htmlReporter genes help select or identify host cells containing recombinant DNA
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch18_10.htmlkey concept 18.3 Any Sequence of DNA Can Be Used for Cloning
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch18_11.htmlDNA for cloning can come from a library
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch18_12.htmlcDNA is made from mRNA transcripts
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch18_13.htmlSynthetic DNA can be made by PCR or by organic chemistry
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch18_15.htmlkey concept 18.4 Several Tools Are Used to Modify DNA and Study Its Function
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch18_16.htmlGene expression can be modulated by DNA technology
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch18_18.htmlGenes can be inactivated and changed by CRISPR technology
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch18_19.htmlComplementary RNA can prevent the expression of specific genes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch18_20.htmlDNA microarrays reveal RNA expression patterns
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch18_22.htmlkey concept 18.5 DNA Can Be Manipulated for Human Benefit
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch18_23.htmlCells can be turned into factories for a desired protein
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch18_24.htmlMedically useful proteins can be made using biotechnology
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch18_27.htmlThere is public concern about biotechnology
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch18_29.htmlInvestigating Life57965dee757a2e4941000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch18_30.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_1.htmlChapter Introduction5797549a757a2e3a4e000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_2.htmlkey concept 19.1 The Four Major Processes of Development Are Determination, Differentiation, Morphogenesis, and Growth
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_3.htmlDevelopment involves four distinct but overlapping processes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_4.htmlAs development proceeds, cell fates become restricted
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_5.htmlCell differentiation is sometimes reversible
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_6.htmlMultipotent stem cells differentiate in response to environmental signals
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_7.htmlPluripotent stem cells can be obtained in two ways
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_9.htmlkey concept 19.2 Gene Expression Differences Determine Cell Fate and Cell Differentiation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_10.htmlCytoplasmic segregation can determine cell fate
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_11.htmlInducers passing from one cell to another can determine cell fate
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_12.htmlDifferential gene transcription is a hallmark of cell differentiation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_14.htmlkey concept 19.3 Gene Expression Determines Morphogenesis and Pattern Formation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_15.htmlMorphogen gradients provide positional information
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_16.htmlExpression of transcription factor genes determines organ differentiation in plants
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_17.htmlA cascade of transcription factors establishes body segmentation in the fruit fly
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_19.htmlkey concept 19.4 Changes in Gene Expression Underlie the Evolution of Development
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_20.htmlWhat is evo-devo?
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_21.htmlDevelopmental genes in distantly related organisms are similar
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_22.htmlGenetic switches govern how the genetic toolkit is used
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_23.htmlModularity allows for differences in the patterns of gene expression
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_25.htmlkey concept 19.5 Developmental Gene Changes Can Shape Evolution
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_26.htmlMutations in developmental genes can cause major morphological changes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_27.htmlConserved developmental genes can lead to parallel evolution
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_29.htmlInvestigating Life5797549a757a2e3a4e000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch19_30.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_1.htmlChapter Introduction57977605757a2ea850000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_2.htmlkey concept 20.1 Evolution Is Both Factual and the Basis of Broader Theory
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_3.htmlDarwin and Wallace introduced the idea of evolution by natural selection
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_5.htmlkey concept 20.2 Mutation, Selection, Gene Flow, Genetic Drift, and Nonrandom Mating Result in Evolution
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_7.htmlSelection acting on genetic variation leads to new phenotypes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_13.htmlkey concept 20.3 Evolution Can Be Measured by Changes in Allele Frequencies
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_17.htmlkey concept 20.4 Selection Can Be Stabilizing, Directional, or Disruptive
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_22.htmlkey concept 20.5 Multiple Factors Account for the Maintenance of Variation in Populations
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_24.htmlSexual recombination amplifies the number of possible genotypes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_25.htmlFrequency-dependent selection maintains genetic variation within populations
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_25_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57977605757a2ea850000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_26.htmlHeterozygote advantage maintains polymorphic loci
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_26_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57977605757a2ea850000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_27.htmlGenetic variation within species is maintained in geographically distinct populations
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_28.htmlrecap57977605757a2ea850000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_28_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57977605757a2ea850000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_29.htmlkey concept 20.6 Evolution Is Constrained by History and Trade-Offs
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_29_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57977605757a2ea850000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_30.htmlDevelopmental processes constrain evolution
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_30_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57977605757a2ea850000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_31.htmlTrade-offs constrain evolution
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_32.htmlShort-term and long-term evolutionary outcomes sometimes differ
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_32_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57977605757a2ea850000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_33.htmlrecap57977605757a2ea850000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_33_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57977605757a2ea850000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_34.htmlInvestigating Life57977605757a2ea850000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_34_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57977605757a2ea850000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_35.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_35_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57977605757a2ea850000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_36.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch20_36_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57977605757a2ea850000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_1.htmlChapter Introduction57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_1_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_2.htmlkey concept 21.1 All of Life Is Connected through Its Evolutionary History
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_2_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_3.htmlPhylogenetic trees are the basis of comparative biology
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_3_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_4.htmlDerived traits provide evidence of evolutionary relationships
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_5.htmlrecap57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_5_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_6.htmlkey concept 21.2 Phylogeny Can Be Reconstructed from Traits of Organisms
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_6_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_7.htmlParsimony provides the simplest explanation for phylogenetic data
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_7_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_8.htmlPhylogenies are reconstructed from many sources of data
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_8_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_9.htmlMathematical models expand the power of phylogenetic reconstruction
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_9_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_10.htmlThe accuracy of phylogenetic methods can be tested
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_10_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_11.htmlrecap57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_11_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_12.htmlkey concept 21.3 Phylogeny Makes Biology Comparative and Predictive
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_12_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_13.htmlPhylogenetic trees can be used to reconstruct past events
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_13_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_14.htmlPhylogenies allow us to compare and contrast living organisms
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_14_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_15.htmlPhylogenies can reveal convergent evolution
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_15_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_16.htmlAncestral states can be reconstructed
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_16_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_17.htmlMolecular clocks help date evolutionary events
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_18.htmlrecap57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_19.htmlkey concept 21.4 Phylogeny Is the Basis of Biological Classification
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_19_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_20.htmlEvolutionary history is the basis for modern biological classification
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_21.htmlSeveral codes of biological nomenclature govern the use of scientific names
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_22.htmlrecap57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_22_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_23.htmlInvestigating Life57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_23_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_24.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_24_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_25.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch21_25_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57a9eade757a2ecb03000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_1.htmlChapter Introduction57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_1_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_2.htmlkey concept 22.1 Species Are Reproductively Isolated Lineages on the Tree of Life
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_2_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_3.htmlWe can recognize many species by their appearance
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_3_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_4.htmlReproductive isolation is key
57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_4_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_5.htmlThe lineage approach takes a long-term view
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_5_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_6.htmlThe different species concepts are not mutually exclusive
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_6_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_7.htmlrecap57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_7_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_8.htmlkey concept 22.2 Speciation Is a Natural Consequence of Population Subdivision
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_8_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_9.htmlIncompatibilities between genes can produce reproductive isolation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_9_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_10.htmlReproductive isolation develops with increasing genetic divergence
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_11.htmlrecap57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_11_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_12.htmlkey concept 22.3 Speciation May Occur through Geographic Isolation or in Sympatry
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_12_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_13.htmlPhysical barriers give rise to allopatric speciation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_13_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_14.htmlSympatric speciation occurs without physical barriers
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_14_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_15.htmlrecap57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_15_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_16.htmlkey concept 22.4 Reproductive Isolation Is Reinforced When Diverging Species Come into Contact
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_16_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_17.htmlPrezygotic isolating mechanisms prevent hybridization
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_17_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_18.htmlPostzygotic isolating mechanisms result in selection against hybridization
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_18_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_19.htmlHybrid zones may form if reproductive isolation is incomplete
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_19_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_20.htmlrecap57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_20_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_21.htmlkey concept 22.5 Speciation Rates Are Highly Variable across Life
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_21_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_22.htmlSeveral ecological and behavioral factors influence speciation rates
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_22_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_23.htmlRapid speciation can lead to adaptive radiation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_23_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_24.htmlrecap57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_24_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_25.htmlInvestigating Life57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_25_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_26.htmlChapter Summary
57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_26_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_27.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch22_27_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ab2024757a2ea91a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_1.htmlChapter Introduction57ac6cfb757a2e352a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_1_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ac6cfb757a2e352a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_2.htmlkey concept 23.1 DNA Sequences Record the History of Gene Evolution
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_2_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ac6cfb757a2e352a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_3.htmlEvolution of genomes results in biological diversity
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_3_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ac6cfb757a2e352a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_4.htmlGenes and proteins are compared through sequence alignment
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_4_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ac6cfb757a2e352a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_5.htmlModels of sequence evolution are used to calculate evolutionary divergence
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_5_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ac6cfb757a2e352a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_6.htmlExperimental studies examine molecular evolution directly
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_7.htmlrecap57ac6cfb757a2e352a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_7_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ac6cfb757a2e352a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_8.htmlkey concept 23.2 Genomes Reveal Both Neutral and Selective Processes of Evolution
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_8_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ac6cfb757a2e352a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_9.htmlMuch of evolution is neutral
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_9_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ac6cfb757a2e352a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_10.htmlPositive and purifying selection can be detected in the genome
57ac6cfb757a2e352a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_10_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ac6cfb757a2e352a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_11.htmlGenome size also evolves
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_11_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ac6cfb757a2e352a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_12.htmlrecap57ac6cfb757a2e352a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_12_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ac6cfb757a2e352a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_13.htmlkey concept 23.3 Lateral Gene Transfer and Gene Duplication Can Produce Major Changes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_13_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ac6cfb757a2e352a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_14.htmlLateral gene transfer can result in the gain of new functions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_14_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ac6cfb757a2e352a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_15.htmlMost new functions arise following gene duplication
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_16.htmlSome gene families evolve through concerted evolution
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_16_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ac6cfb757a2e352a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_17.htmlrecap57ac6cfb757a2e352a000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_18.htmlkey concept 23.4 Molecular Evolution Has Many Practical Applications
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_19.htmlMolecular sequence data are used to determine the evolutionary history of genes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_21.htmlIn vitro evolution is used to produce new molecules
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch23_25.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch24_1.htmlChapter Introduction57ae383e757a2eff46000001
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch24_2.htmlkey concept 24.1 Events in Earthâs History Can Be Dated
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch24_3.htmlRadioisotopes provide a way to date fossils and rocks
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch24_4.htmlRadiometric dating methods have been expanded and refined
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch24_5.htmlScientists have used several methods to construct a geological time scale
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch24_7.htmlkey concept 24.2 Changes in Earthâs Physical Environment Have Affected the Evolution of Life
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch24_8.htmlEarthâs continents and climates have changed over time
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch24_9.htmlEarthâs climate has shifted between hot and cold conditions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch24_10.htmlVolcanoes have occasionally changed the history of life
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch24_11.htmlExtraterrestrial events have triggered changes on Earth
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch24_12.htmlOxygen concentrations in Earthâs atmosphere have changed over time
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch24_13.htmlExtinction happens continuously, but mass extinctions result from sudden environmental changes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch24_15.htmlkey concept 24.3 Major Events in the Evolution of Life Can Be Read in the Fossil Record
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch24_16.htmlSeveral processes contribute to the paucity of fossils
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch24_17.htmlPrecambrian life was small and aquatic
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch24_18.htmlLife expanded rapidly during the Cambrian period
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch24_22.htmlThe tree of life is used to reconstruct evolutionary events
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch24_24.htmlInvestigating Life57ae383e757a2eff46000001
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch24_25.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_1.htmlChapter Introduction57b205b6757a2e5c55000002
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_2.htmlkey concept 25.1 Bacteria and Archaea Are the Two Primary Divisions of Life
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_3.htmlThe two prokaryotic domains differ in significant ways
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_4.htmlThe small size of prokaryotes has hindered our study of their evolutionary relationships
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_5.htmlThe nucleotide sequences of prokaryotes reveal their evolutionary relationships
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_6.htmlLateral gene transfer can lead to discordant gene trees
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_7.htmlThe great majority of prokaryote species have never been studied
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_9.htmlkey concept 25.2 Prokaryote Diversity Reflects the Ancient Origins of Life
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_10.htmlTwo early-branching lineages of bacteria live at very high temperatures
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_11.htmlFirmicutes include some of the smallest cellular organisms
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_12.htmlActinobacteria include major pathogens as well as valuable sources of antibiotics
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_13.htmlCyanobacteria were the first photosynthesizers
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_14.htmlSpirochetes move by means of axial filaments
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_15.htmlChlamydias are extremely small parasites
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_16.htmlThe proteobacteria are a large and diverse group
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_17.htmlGene sequencing enabled biologists to differentiate Archaea from Bacteria
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_18.htmlProkaryotic archaea live in extremely diverse environments
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_20.htmlkey concept 25.3 Ecological Communities Depend on Prokaryotes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_21.htmlMany prokaryotes form complex communities
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_22.htmlMicrobiomes are critical to the health of many eukaryotes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_23.htmlA small minority of bacteria are pathogens
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_24.htmlProkaryotes have amazingly diverse metabolic pathways
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_27.htmlkey concept 25.4 Viruses Have Evolved Many Times
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_28.htmlMany RNA viruses probably represent escaped genomic components of cellular life
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_29.htmlSome DNA viruses may have evolved from reduced cellular organisms
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch25_33.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_1.htmlChapter Introduction57b45e0b757a2e3477000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_2.htmlkey concept 26.1 Eukaryotes Acquired Features from Both Archaea and Bacteria
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_3.htmlThe modern eukaryotic cell arose in several steps
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_4.htmlChloroplasts have been transferred among eukaryotes several times
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_6.htmlkey concept 26.2 Major Lineages of Eukaryotes Diversified in the Precambrian
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_7.htmlAlveolates have sacs under their cell membranes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_8.htmlStramenopiles typically have two unequal flagella, one with hairs
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_9.htmlRhizarians typically have long, thin pseudopods
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_10.htmlExcavates began to diversify about 1.5 billion years ago
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_11.htmlAmoebozoans use lobe-shaped pseudopods for locomotion
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_13.htmlkey concept 26.3 Protists Reproduce Sexually and Asexually
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_13_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57b45e0b757a2e3477000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_14.htmlSome protists reproduce without sex and have sex without reproduction
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_15.htmlSome protist life cycles feature alternation of generations
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_17.htmlkey concept 26.4 Protists Are Critical Components of Many Ecosystems
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_17_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57b45e0b757a2e3477000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_18.htmlPhytoplankton are primary producers
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_19.htmlSome microbial eukaryotes are deadly
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_20.htmlSome microbial eukaryotes are endosymbionts
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_20_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57b45e0b757a2e3477000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_21.htmlWe rely on the remains of ancient marine protists
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_23.htmlInvestigating Life57b45e0b757a2e3477000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch26_24.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_1.htmlChapter Introduction57b4a952757a2e877b000002
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_2.htmlkey concept 27.1 Primary Endosymbiosis Produced the First Photosynthetic Eukaryotes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_3.htmlSeveral distinct clades of algae were among the first photosynthetic eukaryotes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_4.htmlTwo groups of green algae are the closest relatives of land plants
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_5.htmlThere are ten major groups of land plants
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_7.htmlkey concept 27.2 Key Adaptations Permitted Plants to Colonize Land
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_8.htmlAdaptations to life on land distinguish land plants from green algae
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_9.htmlLife cycles of land plants feature alternation of generations
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_10.htmlNonvascular land plants live where water is readily available
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_11.htmlThe sporophytes of nonvascular land plants are dependent on the gametophytes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_12.htmlLiverworts are the sister clade of the remaining land plants
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_13.htmlWater and sugar transport mechanisms emerged in the mosses
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_14.htmlHornworts have distinctive chloroplasts and stalkless sporophytes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_16.htmlkey concept 27.3 Vascular Tissues Led to Rapid Diversification of Land Plants
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_17.htmlVascular tissues transport water and dissolved materials
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_18.htmlVascular plants allowed herbivores to colonize the land
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_18_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57b4a952757a2e877b000002
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_19.htmlThe closest relatives of vascular plants lacked roots
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_20.htmlThe lycophytes are sister to the other vascular plants
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_21.htmlHorsetails and ferns constitute a clade
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_22.htmlThe vascular plants branched out
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_23.htmlHeterospory appeared among the vascular plants
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_25.htmlInvestigating Life57b4a952757a2e877b000002
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_26.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch27_27.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_1.htmlChapter Introduction57b5e656757a2e3c0f000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_2.htmlkey concept 28.1 Pollen, Seeds, and Wood Contributed to the Success of Seed Plants
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_3.htmlFeatures of the seed plant life cycle protect gametes and embryos
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_4.htmlThe seed is a complex, well-protected package
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_4_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57b5e656757a2e3c0f000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_5.htmlA change in stem anatomy enabled seed plants to grow to great heights
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_7.htmlkey concept 28.2 Once Dominant Gymnosperms Still Thrive in Some Environments
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_7_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57b5e656757a2e3c0f000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_8.htmlThere are four major groups of living gymnosperms
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_8_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57b5e656757a2e3c0f000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_9.htmlConifers have cones and lack swimming sperm
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_11.htmlkey concept 28.3 Flowers and Fruits Led to Increased Diversification of Angiosperms
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_12.htmlAngiosperms have many shared derived traits
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_13.htmlThe sexual structures of angiosperms are flowers
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_14.htmlFlower structure has evolved over time
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_15.htmlAngiosperms have coevolved with animals
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_16.htmlThe angiosperm life cycle produces diploid zygotes nourished by triploid endosperms
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_16_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57b5e656757a2e3c0f000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_17.htmlFruits aid angiosperm seed dispersal
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_18.htmlRecent analyses have revealed the phylogenetic relationships of angiosperms
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_20.htmlkey concept 28.4 Plants Play Critical Roles in Terrestrial Ecosystems
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_21.htmlSeed plants have been sources of medicine since ancient times
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_22.htmlSeed plants are our primary food source
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_24.htmlInvestigating Life57b5e656757a2e3c0f000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_25.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_25_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57b5e656757a2e3c0f000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch28_26.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_1.htmlChapter Introduction57b72689757a2e2025000004
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_1_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57b72689757a2e2025000004
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_2.htmlkey concept 29.1 Fungi Digest Food Outside Their Bodies
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_2_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57b72689757a2e2025000004
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_3.htmlYeasts are unicellular, free-living fungi
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_4.htmlMulticellular fungi use hyphae to absorb nutrients
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_5.htmlFungi are in intimate contact with their environment
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_7.htmlkey concept 29.2 Fungi Are Decomposers, Parasites, Predators, or Mutualists
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_7_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57b72689757a2e2025000004
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_8.htmlSaprobic fungi are critical to the planetary carbon cycle
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_10.htmlMutualistic fungi engage in relationships that benefit both partners
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_11.htmlEndophytic fungi protect some plants from pathogens, herbivores, and stress
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_13.htmlkey concept 29.3 Sex in Fungi Involves Multiple Mating Types
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_14.htmlFungi reproduce both sexually and asexually
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_15.htmlMicrosporidia are highly reduced, parasitic fungi
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_16.htmlMost chytrids are aquatic
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_17.htmlSome fungal life cycles feature separate fusion of cytoplasms and nuclei
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_18.htmlArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi form symbioses with plants
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_19.htmlThe dikaryotic condition is a synapomorphy of sac fungi and club fungi
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_20.htmlThe sexual reproductive structure of sac fungi is the ascus
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_21.htmlThe basidium is the sexual reproductive structure of club fungi
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_23.htmlkey concept 29.4 Fungi Have Many Practical Uses
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_26.htmlLichen diversity and abundance are indicators of air quality
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_28.htmlReforestation may depend on mycorrhizal fungi
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_29.htmlFungi are used as model organisms in laboratory studies
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch29_32.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_1.htmlChapter Introduction57b7be37757a2e0629000003
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_2.htmlkey concept 30.1 Some Animal Characteristics Evolved More Than Once
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_3.htmlAnimal monophyly is supported by gene sequences and morphology
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_4.htmlA few basic developmental patterns differentiate major animal groups
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_6.htmlkey concept 30.2 Animals Diverged with Distinct Body Plans
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_7.htmlMost animals are symmetrical
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_8.htmlThe structure of the body cavity influences movement
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_9.htmlSegmentation improves control of movement
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_10.htmlAppendages have many uses
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_11.htmlNervous systems coordinate movement and allow sensory processing
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_13.htmlkey concept 30.3 Animals Use Diverse Forms of Movement to Feed
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_14.htmlFilter feeders capture small prey
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_15.htmlHerbivores eat plants
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_16.htmlPredators and omnivores capture and subdue prey
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_17.htmlParasites live in or on other organisms
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_18.htmlDetritivores live on the remains of other organisms
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_20.htmlkey concept 30.4 Animal Life Cycles Involve Trade-Offs
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_21.htmlMany animal life cycles feature specialized life stages
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_22.htmlMost animal life cycles have at least one dispersal stage
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_23.htmlParasite life cycles facilitate dispersal and overcome host defenses
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_24.htmlSome animals form colonies of genetically identical, physiologically integrated individuals
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_25.htmlNo life cycle can maximize all benefits
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_27.htmlkey concept 30.5 The Root of the Animal Tree Provides Clues to Early Animal Diversification
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_28.htmlCtenophores are the sister group of all other animals
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_29.htmlSponges are loosely organized animals
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_30.htmlPlacozoans are abundant but rarely observed
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_31.htmlCnidarians are specialized predators
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_32.htmlSome small groups of parasitic animals may be the closest relatives of bilaterians
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_34.htmlInvestigating Life57b7be37757a2e0629000003
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch30_35.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_1.htmlChapter Introduction57bc610b757a2efa44000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_2.htmlkey concept 31.1 Protostomes Account for More Than Half of All Described Species
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_3.htmlCilia-bearing lophophores and trochophores evolved among the lophotrochozoans
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_4.htmlEcdysozoans must shed their cuticles
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_5.htmlArrow worms retain some ancestral developmental features
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_7.htmlkey concept 31.2 Many Lophotrochozoans Have Ciliated Feeding Structures or Life Stages
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_8.htmlMost bryozoans and entoprocts live in colonies
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_9.htmlFlatworms, rotifers, and gastrotrichs are structurally diverse relatives
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_10.htmlRibbon worms have a long, protrusible feeding organ
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_11.htmlBrachiopods and phoronids use lophophores to extract food from the water
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_12.htmlAnnelids have segmented bodies
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_13.htmlMollusks have undergone a dramatic evolutionary radiation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_15.htmlkey concept 31.3 Ecdysozoans Grow by Shedding Their Cuticles
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_16.htmlSeveral marine ecdysozoan groups have relatively few species
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_17.htmlNematodes and their relatives are abundant and diverse
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_19.htmlkey concept 31.4 Arthropods Are the Most Abundant and Diverse Group of Animals
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_20.htmlArthropod relatives have fleshy, unjointed appendages
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_21.htmlJointed appendages appeared in the trilobites
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_22.htmlChelicerates have pointed, nonchewing mouthparts
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_22_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57bc610b757a2efa44000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_23.htmlMandibles and antennae characterize the remaining arthropod groups
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_23_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57bc610b757a2efa44000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_24.htmlMore than half of all described species are insects
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_25_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57bc610b757a2efa44000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_26.htmlKey Features of Protostome Evolution
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_27.htmlInvestigating Life57bc610b757a2efa44000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_27_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57bc610b757a2efa44000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_28.htmlChapter Summary
57bc610b757a2efa44000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_28_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57bc610b757a2efa44000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch31_29.html Apply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_1.htmlChapter Introduction57bca950757a2e6d4a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_1_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57bca950757a2e6d4a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_2.htmlkey concept 32.1 Deuterostomes Include Echinoderms, Hemichordates, and Chordates
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_2_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57bca950757a2e6d4a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_3.htmlDeuterostomes share early developmental patterns
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_3_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57bca950757a2e6d4a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_4.htmlThere are three major deuterostome clades
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_5.htmlFossils shed light on deuterostome ancestors
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_7.htmlkey concept 32.2 Echinoderms and Hemichordates Are Restricted to Marine Environments
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_7_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57bca950757a2e6d4a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_8.htmlEchinoderms have unique structural features
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_9.htmlHemichordates are wormlike marine deuterostomes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_11.htmlkey concept 32.3 Chordates Have a Dorsal Nerve Cord and a Notochord
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_11_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57bca950757a2e6d4a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_12.htmlAdults of most lancelets and tunicates are sedentary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_13.htmlA dorsal supporting structure replaces the notochord in vertebrates
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_14.htmlThe phylogenetic relationships of jawless fishes are uncertain
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_15.htmlJaws and teeth improved feeding efficiency
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_16.htmlFins and swim bladders improved stability and control over locomotion
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_18.htmlkey concept 32.4 Life on Land Contributed to Vertebrate Diversification
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_19.htmlJointed limbs enhanced support and locomotion on land
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_20.htmlAmphibians usually require moist environments
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_21.htmlAmniotes colonized dry environments
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_22.htmlReptiles adapted to life in many habitats
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_23.htmlCrocodilians and birds share their ancestry with the dinosaurs
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_24.htmlFeathers allowed birds to fly
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_25.htmlMammals radiated after the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_27.htmlkey concept 32.5 Humans Evolved among the Primates
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_28.htmlTwo major lineages of primates split late in the Cretaceous
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_29.htmlBipedal locomotion evolved in human ancestors
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_30.htmlHuman brains became larger as jaws became smaller
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_31.htmlHumans developed complex language and culture
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_33.htmlInvestigating Life57bca950757a2e6d4a000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_34.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch32_35.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_1.htmlChapter Introduction57bde21b757a2ee15b000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_2.htmlkey concept 33.1 The Plant Body Is Organized in a Distinctive Way
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_2_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57bde21b757a2ee15b000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_3.htmlMost angiosperms are either monocots or eudicots
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_4.htmlPlants develop differently than animals
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_5.htmlApicalâbasal polarity and radial symmetry are characteristics of the plant body
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_6.html33.1 recap
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_7.htmlkey concept 33.2 Plant Organs Are Made Up of Three Tissue Systems
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_8.htmlThe dermal tissue system forms the outer covering of a plant
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_9.htmlThe ground tissue system makes up most of the plant body
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_10.htmlThe vascular tissue system develops into the plantâs transport system
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_11.html33.2 recap
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_12.htmlkey concept 33.3 Meristems Build a Continuously Growing Plant
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_13.htmlHow do plants increase in size?
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_14.htmlMeristems generate the plant body
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_15.htmlIndeterminate primary growth originates in apical meristems
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_16.htmlThe root apical meristem gives rise to the root cap and the root primary meristems
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_17.htmlThe products of the rootâs primary meristems become root tissues
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_18.htmlThe root system anchors the plant and takes up water and dissolved minerals
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_19.htmlThe products of the stemâs primary meristems become stem tissues
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_20.htmlThe stem supports leaves and flowers but can have other roles
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_21.htmlLeaves are determinate organs produced by shoot apical meristems
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_22.htmlMany stems and roots undergo secondary growth
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_23.html33.3 recap
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_24.htmlkey concept 33.4 Domestication Has Altered Plant Form
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_25.html33.4 recap
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_26.htmlInvestigating Life57bde21b757a2ee15b000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_27.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch33_28.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch34_1.htmlChapter Introduction57be5291757a2e6a63000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch34_2.htmlkey concept 34.1 Plants Acquire Water and Minerals from the Soil
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch34_3.htmlWater potential differences govern the direction of water movement
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch34_4.htmlWater and ions move across the root cellâs cell membrane
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch34_5.htmlWater and ions pass to the xylem by way of the apoplast and symplast
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch34_7.htmlkey concept 34.2 Water and Minerals Are Transported in the Xylem
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch34_8.htmlVarious hypotheses have proposed how water moves in the xylem
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch34_9.htmlThe transpirationâcohesionâtension mechanism accounts for xylem transport
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57be5291757a2e6a63000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch34_11.htmlkey concept 34.3 Stomata Control the Loss of Water and the Uptake of CO2
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch34_12.htmlStomata control water loss and gas exchange
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch34_13.htmlThe guard cells control the size of the stomatal opening
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57be5291757a2e6a63000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch34_15.htmlkey concept 34.4 Solutes Are Transported in the Phloem
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch34_16.htmlSucrose and other solutes are carried in the phloem
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch34_17.htmlThe pressure flow model accounts for translocation in the phloem
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch34_19.htmlInvestigating Life57be5291757a2e6a63000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch34_20.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_1.htmlChapter Introduction57bf1677757a2e4b6f000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_2.htmlkey concept 35.1 Plants Require Nutrients
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_3.htmlPlants require nutrients in different amounts
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_3_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57bf1677757a2e4b6f000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_4.htmlDeficiency symptoms reveal inadequate nutrition
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_5.htmlHydroponic experiments identified essential elements
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_7.htmlkey concept 35.2 Plants Acquire Nutrients from the Soil
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_7_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57bf1677757a2e4b6f000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_8.htmlPlants rely on growth to find nutrients
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_8_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57bf1677757a2e4b6f000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_9.htmlNutrient uptake and assimilation are regulated
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_11.htmlkey concept 35.3 Soil Structure Affects Plant Nutrition
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_12.htmlSoil provides anchorage and nutrients for plants
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_13.htmlSoils form through the weathering of rock
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_14.htmlSoils are the source of plant nutrition
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_15.htmlFertilizers add nutrients to soil
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_17.htmlkey concept 35.4 Soil Organisms Increase Nutrient Uptake by Plant Roots
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_18.htmlPlants send signals to soil organisms
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_19.htmlMycorrhizae expand the root system
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_20.htmlSoil bacteria are essential in getting nitrogen from air to plant cells
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_21.htmlNitrogenase catalyzes nitrogen fixation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_22.htmlBiological nitrogen fixation does not always meet agricultural needs
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_22_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57bf1677757a2e4b6f000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_23.htmlAmmonia formation is the first step in nitrogen assimilation by plants
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_25.htmlkey concept 35.5 Carnivorous and Parasitic Plants Obtain Nutrients in Unique Ways
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_25_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57bf1677757a2e4b6f000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_26.htmlCarnivorous plants supplement their mineral nutrition
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_27.htmlParasitic plants take advantage of other plants
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_28.htmlThe plantâparasite relationship is similar to plantâfungus and plantâbacteria associations
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_30.htmlInvestigating Life57bf1677757a2e4b6f000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_31.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch35_32.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_1.htmlChapter Introduction57c05862757a2e4502000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_2.htmlkey concept 36.1 Plants Develop in Response to the Environment
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_2_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57c05862757a2e4502000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_3.htmlPlant growth is regulated
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_4.htmlIn early development, the seed germinates and forms a growing seedling
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_5.htmlSeveral hormones and photoreceptors help regulate plant growth
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_6.htmlGenetic screens have increased our understanding of plant signal transduction
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_8.htmlkey concept 36.2 Gibberellins and Auxin Have Diverse Effects but a Similar Mechanism of Action
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_9.htmlGibberellins have many effects on plant growth and development
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_10.htmlAuxin plays a role in differential plant growth
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_11.htmlAuxin affects plant growth in several ways
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_12.htmlAt the molecular level, auxin and gibberellins act similarly
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_14.htmlkey concept 36.3 Other Plant Hormones Have Diverse Effects
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_14_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57c05862757a2e4502000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_15.htmlCytokinins are active from seed to senescence
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_16.htmlEthylene is a gaseous hormone that hastens leaf senescence and fruit ripening
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_17.htmlBrassinosteroids are plant steroid hormones
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_19.htmlkey concept 36.4 Photoreceptors Initiate Developmental Responses to Light
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_19_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57c05862757a2e4502000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_20.htmlWhat are plant photoreceptors?
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_21.htmlPhototropins, cryptochromes, and zeaxanthin are blue-light receptors
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_22.htmlPhytochromes mediate the effects of red and far-red light
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_23.htmlPhytochrome stimulates gene transcription
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_24.htmlCircadian rhythms are entrained by light reception
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_26.htmlInvestigating Life57c05862757a2e4502000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_27.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch36_28.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_1.htmlChapter Introduction57c45a79757a2e4816000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_2.htmlkey concept 37.1 Most Angiosperms Reproduce Sexually
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_2_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57c45a79757a2e4816000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_3.htmlHow does the flower function as a structure for sexual reproduction?
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_4.htmlFlowering plants have microscopic gametophytes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_5.htmlA pollen tube delivers sperm cells to the embryo sac
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_6.htmlMany flowering plants control pollination or pollen tube growth to prevent inbreeding
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_7.htmlAngiosperms perform double fertilization
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_8.htmlEmbryos develop within seeds contained in fruits
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_9.htmlSeed development is under hormonal control
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_11.htmlkey concept 37.2 Hormones and Signaling Determine the Transition from the Vegetative to the Reproductive State
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_12.htmlFlowering occurs at specific places and specific times
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_13.htmlA cascade of gene expression leads to flowering
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_14.htmlPhotoperiodic cues can initiate flowering
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_15.htmlPlants vary in their responses to photoperiodic cues
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_16.htmlNight length is a key photoperiodic cue that determines flowering
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_17.htmlThe flowering stimulus originates in a leaf
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_18.htmlFlorigen is a small protein
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_19.htmlFlowering can be induced by temperature or gibberellin
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_20.htmlSome plants do not require an environmental cue to flower
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_22.htmlkey concept 37.3 Angiosperms Can Reproduce Asexually
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_22_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57c45a79757a2e4816000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_23.htmlPlants reproduce asexually by several methods
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_23_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57c45a79757a2e4816000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_24.htmlVegetative reproduction has a disadvantage
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_25.htmlVegetative reproduction is important in agriculture
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_26.htmlIn apomixis, flowers are used in asexual reproduction
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_28.htmlInvestigating Life57c45a79757a2e4816000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch37_29.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_1.htmlChapter Introduction57c5cd08757a2ed62e000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_2.htmlkey concept 38.1 Plants Respond to Pathogens with Constitutive and Induced Responses
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_3.htmlPhysical barriers form constitutive defenses
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_4.htmlPlants can seal off infected parts to limit damage
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_5.htmlGeneral and specific immunity both involve multiple responses
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_6.htmlSpecific immunity is genetically determined
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_7.htmlSpecific immunity usually leads to the hypersensitive response
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_8.htmlSystemic acquired resistance is a form of long-term immunity
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_10.htmlkey concept 38.2 Plants Have Mechanical and Chemical Defenses against Herbivores
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_11.htmlPlants have mechanical defenses against herbivores
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_12.htmlPlants produce constitutive chemical defenses against herbivores
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_13.htmlPlants respond to herbivory with induced defenses
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_14.htmlJasmonates trigger a range of responses to wounding and herbivory
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_15.htmlPlants donât always win the arms race
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_17.htmlkey concept 38.3 Plants Can Adapt to Environmental Stresses
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_18.htmlPlants can adapt to dry conditions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_19.htmlSome plants grow in saturated soils
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_20.htmlPlants can respond to drought stress
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_21.htmlPlants can cope with temperature extremes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_22.htmlPlants can adapt to salty soil
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_23.htmlSome plants can tolerate heavy metals
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_25.htmlInvestigating Life57c5cd08757a2ed62e000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch38_26.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch39_1.htmlChapter Introduction57c6e266757a2eee3e000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch39_2.htmlkey concept 39.1 Animals Are Composed of Organs Built from Four Types of Tissues
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch39_3.htmlHow would you build a multicellular animal?
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch39_4.htmlThere are advantages and challenges to getting bigger
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch39_5.htmlThere are four tissue types
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch39_6.htmlOrgans are built from multiple tissues
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch39_8.htmlkey concept 39.2 Physiological Systems Maintain Homeostasis of the Internal Environment
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch39_8_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57c6e266757a2eee3e000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch39_9.htmlThe internal environment is the extracellular fluid that serves all the needs of the cells of the body
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch39_10.htmlPhysiological systems are regulated to maintain homeostasis
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch39_12.htmlkey concept 39.3 Biological Processes Are Temperature-Sensitive
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch39_13.htmlTemperature affects living systems
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch39_15.htmlAnimals acclimatize to seasonal temperatures
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch39_16.htmlSmall changes in temperature can have large physiological effects
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch39_18.htmlkey concept 39.4 Body Temperature Depends on the Balance between Heat In and Heat Out of the Body
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch39_19.htmlAnimals can be classified by their thermoregulatory characteristics
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch39_20.htmlEndotherms produce substantial amounts of metabolic heat
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch39_21.htmlEctotherms and endotherms respond differently to changes in environmental temperature
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch39_22.htmlEnergy budgets reflect adaptations for regulating body temperature
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch40_3.htmlThere are multiple chemical communication systems in the body
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch40_11.htmlThe pituitary is an interface between the nervous and endocrine systems
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch41_34.htmlkey concept 41.6 Malfunctions in Immunity Can Be Harmful
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch41_35.htmlThe immune system mounts an excessive response in allergic reactions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch41_40.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch42_2.htmlkey concept 42.1 Asexual Reproduction Is Efficient but Limits Genetic Variability
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch42_3.htmlAsexual reproduction limits genetic diversity
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch42_4.htmlBudding and regeneration produce new individuals by mitosis
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch42_5.htmlParthenogenesis is the development of unfertilized eggs
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch42_7.htmlkey concept 42.2 Sexual Reproduction Involves the Union of Haploid Egg and Sperm
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch42_10.htmlSpawning and mating behaviors get eggs and sperm together
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch42_11.htmlSome individuals can function as both male and female
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch42_12.htmlThe evolution of vertebrate reproductive systems parallels the move to land
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch42_13.htmlAnimals with internal fertilization are distinguished by where the embryo develops
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch42_15.htmlkey concept 42.3 Male Sex Organs Produce and May Deliver Sperm
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch42_20.htmlkey concept 42.4 Female Sex Organs Produce Eggs and Nurture Embryos
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch42_21.htmlOvarian cycles produce mature eggs
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch42_22.htmlThe uterine cycle prepares an environment for a fertilized egg
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch42_24.htmlFSH receptors determine which follicle ovulates
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch42_30.htmlkey concept 42.5 Fertility Can Be Controlled
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch42_35.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch43_2.htmlkey concept 43.1 Fertilization Activates Development
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch43_6.htmlkey concept 43.2 Mitosis Divides Up the Early Embryo
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch43_16.htmlTranscription factors and growth factors underlie the organizerâs actions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch43_22.htmlkey concept 43.4 Organs Develop from the Three Germ Layers
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch43_27.htmlkey concept 43.5 Extraembryonic Membranes Nurture Avian and Mammalian Embryos
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch43_33.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_2.htmlkey concept 44.1 Neurons and Glia Are Unique Cells of Nervous Systems
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_3.htmlVertebrate neurons and macroglia originate in the embryonic neural tube
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_4.htmlThe structure of neurons reflects their functions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_7.htmlkey concept 44.2 Neurons Generate and Transmit Electric Signals
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_8.htmlSimple electrical concepts underlie neuronal function
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_10.htmlIon transporters and channels generate membrane potentials
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_11.htmlIon channels and their properties can be studied directly
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_12.htmlGated ion channels alter membrane potential
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_13.htmlGraded changes in membrane potential can integrate information
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_14.htmlSudden changes in Na+ and K+ channels generate action potentials
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_15.htmlAction potentials are conducted along axons without loss of signal
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_18.htmlkey concept 44.3 Neurons Communicate with Other Cells
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_19.htmlThe neuromuscular junction is a model chemical synapse
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_20.htmlThe arrival of an action potential causes the release of neurotransmitter
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_21.htmlSynaptic functions involve many proteins
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_22.htmlThe postsynaptic membrane responds to neurotransmitter
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_23.htmlSynapses can be excitatory or inhibitory
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_24.htmlThe postsynaptic neuron sums excitatory and inhibitory input
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_26.htmlThe action of a neurotransmitter depends on the receptor to which it binds
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_27.htmlTo turn off responses, synapses must be cleared of neurotransmitter
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_28.htmlThe diversity of receptors makes drug specificity possible
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_30.htmlkey concept 44.4 Neurons and Glia Form Information-Processing Circuits
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_31.htmlNervous systems range in complexity
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_32.htmlReflexes are controlled by simple circuits involving sensory neurons, interneurons, and effectors
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_33.htmlThe vertebrate brain is the seat of behavioral complexity
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_35.htmlInvestigating Life57e57e94757a2e8832000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch44_36.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_1.htmlChapter Introduction57f5e72b757a2e3f5e000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_2.htmlkey concept 45.1 Sensory Receptor Cells Convert Stimuli into Action Potentials
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_3.htmlSensory transduction involves changes in membrane potentials
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_4.htmlSensory receptor proteins act on ion channels
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_5.htmlSensation depends on which neurons receive action potentials from sensory cells
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_6.htmlMany receptors adapt to repeated stimulation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_8.htmlkey concept 45.2 Chemoreceptors Respond to Specific Molecules
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_9.htmlOlfaction is the sense of smell
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_10.htmlSome chemoreceptors detect pheromones
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_11.htmlThe vomeronasal organ contains chemoreceptors
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_12.htmlGustation is the sense of taste
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_14.htmlkey concept 45.3 Mechanoreceptors Respond to Physical Forces
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_15.htmlMany different receptor cells respond to touch and pressure
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_16.htmlMechanoreceptors are also found in muscles, tendons, and ligaments
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_17.htmlHair cells are mechanoreceptors of the auditory and vestibular systems
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_18.htmlAuditory systems use hair cells to sense sound waves
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_19.htmlFlexion of the basilar membrane is perceived as sound
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_20.htmlVarious types of damage can result in hearing loss
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_21.htmlThe vestibular system uses hair cells to detect forces of gravity and momentum
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_23.htmlkey concept 45.4 Photoreceptors Respond to Light
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_24.htmlInvertebrates have a variety of visual systems
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_25.htmlImage-forming eyes evolved independently in vertebrates and cephalopods
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_26.htmlThe vertebrate retina receives and processes visual information
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_27.htmlOpsins are the universal photoreceptor molecule in animals
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_28.htmlRod and cone cells are the photoreceptors of the vertebrate retina
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_29.htmlInformation flows through layers of neurons in the retina
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch45_32.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch46_1.htmlChapter Introduction57fbbd97757a2e3e10000001
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch46_2.htmlkey concept 46.1 Functions Are Localized in the Nervous System
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch46_3.htmlFunctional organization is based on flow and type of information
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch46_4.htmlThe anatomical organization of the CNS emerges during development
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch46_5.htmlThe spinal cord transmits and processes information
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch46_6.htmlThe brainstem carries out many autonomic functions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch46_7.htmlThe core of the forebrain controls physiological drives, instincts, and emotions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch46_8.htmlThe cerebrum is responsible for complex behavior and consciousness
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch46_9.htmlThe size of the human brain is off the curve
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch46_11.htmlkey concept 46.2 Nervous System Functions Rely on Neural Circuits
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch46_12.htmlPathways of the autonomic nervous system control involuntary physiological functions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch46_13.htmlThe visual system is an example of information integration by the cerebral cortex
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch46_14.htmlThree-dimensional vision results from cortical cells receiving input from both eyes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch46_16.htmlkey concept 46.3 Higher Brain Functions Involve Integration of Multiple Systems
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch46_17.htmlSleep and dreaming are reflected in electrical patterns in the cerebral cortex
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch46_18.htmlLanguage abilities are localized in the left cerebral hemisphere
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch46_19.htmlSome learning and memory can be localized to specific brain areas
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch46_20.htmlWe still cannot answer the question âWhat is consciousness?â
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch46_22.htmlInvestigating Life57fbbd97757a2e3e10000001
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch46_23.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_1.htmlChapter Introduction57ea6cdb757a2e2f52000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_2.htmlkey concept 47.1 Interactions of Actin and Myosin Cause Muscles to Contract
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_3.htmlSliding filaments of actin and myosin cause skeletal muscle to contract
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_4.htmlActinâmyosin interactions cause filaments to slide
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_5.htmlActinâmyosin interactions are controlled by calcium ions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_6.htmlCardiac muscle is similar to and different from skeletal muscle
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_7.htmlSmooth muscle causes slow contractions of many internal organs
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_9.htmlkey concept 47.2 Many Factors Affect Muscle Performance
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_10.htmlThe strength of a muscle contraction depends on how many fibers are contracting and at what rate
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_11.htmlMuscle fiber types determine endurance and strength
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_12.htmlA muscle has an optimal length for generating maximum tension
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_13.htmlExercise increases muscle strength and endurance
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_14.htmlMuscle ATP supply limits performance
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_15.htmlInsect muscle has the greatest rate of cycling
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_17.htmlkey concept 47.3 Muscles and Skeletal Systems Work Together
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_18.htmlA hydrostatic skeleton consists of fluid in a muscular cavity
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_19.htmlExoskeletons are rigid outer structures
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_20.htmlVertebrate endoskeletons consist of cartilage and bone
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_21.htmlBones develop from connective tissues
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_22.htmlBones that have a common joint can work as a lever
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_24.htmlInvestigating Life57ea6cdb757a2e2f52000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch47_25.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_1.htmlChapter Introduction57fbf58f757a2e8412000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_2.htmlkey concept 48.1 Respiratory Gas Exchange Is Governed by Physical Factors
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_3.htmlDiffusion of gases is driven by partial pressure differences
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_4.htmlFickâs law applies to all systems of gas exchange
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_5.htmlAir is a better respiratory medium than water
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_6.htmlHigh temperatures create respiratory problems for aquatic animals
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_7.htmlO2 availability decreases with altitude
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_8.htmlCO2 is lost by diffusion
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_10.htmlkey concept 48.2 Enhancing Diffusion Maximizes Respiratory Gas Exchange
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_11.htmlRespiratory organs have large surface areas
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_12.htmlVentilation and perfusion of gas exchange surfaces maximize partial pressure gradients
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_13.htmlInsects have airways throughout their bodies
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_14.htmlFish gills use countercurrent flow to maximize gas exchange
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_15.htmlBirds use unidirectional ventilation to maximize gas exchange
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_16.htmlTidal ventilation produces dead space that limits gas exchange efficiency
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_17.htmlSmall residual volume prevents the bends in seals
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_19.htmlkey concept 48.3 Humans Have Tidal Respiration
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_20.htmlLungs are ventilated through a branching system of airways
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_21.htmlRespiratory tract secretions aid ventilation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_22.htmlLungs are ventilated by pressure changes in the thoracic cavity
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_24.htmlkey concept 48.4 Respiratory Gases Are Transported by the Blood
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_25.htmlRed blood cells are produced in the bone marrow
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_26.htmlHemoglobin combines reversibly with O257fbf58f757a2e8412000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_27.htmlMyoglobin holds an O2 reserve
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_28.htmlHemoglobinâs affinity for O2 is variable
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_29.htmlMost CO2 is transported as bicarbonate ions in the blood
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_31.htmlkey concept 48.5 Breathing Is Homeostatically Regulated
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_32.htmlBreathing is controlled in the brainstem
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch48_36.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch49_2.htmlkey concept 49.1 Circulatory Systems Serve Many Functions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch49_3.htmlSome animals do not have a circulatory system
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch49_4.htmlCirculatory systems can be open or closed
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch49_5.htmlOpen circulatory systems move extracellular fluid
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch49_8.htmlkey concept 49.2 Vertebrate Circulatory Systems Evolved from Single to Double Circuits
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch49_9.htmlCirculation in fishes is a single circuit
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch49_10.htmlLungfishes evolved a gas-breathing organ
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch49_11.htmlAmphibians have partial separation of systemic and pulmonary circulation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch49_15.htmlkey concept 49.3 Heart Function Depends on Properties of Cardiac Muscle
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch49_16.htmlBlood flows from right heart to lungs to left heart to body
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch49_20.htmlElectrical properties of ventricular muscles sustain heart contraction
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch49_23.htmlkey concept 49.4 Circulatory System Functions Depend on Blood and Blood Vessels
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch49_24.htmlRed blood cells transport respiratory gases
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch49_27.htmlMaterials are exchanged in capillary beds by filtration, osmosis, and diffusion
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch49_28.htmlBlood flows back to the heart through veins
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch49_29.htmlLymphatic vessels return interstitial fluid to the blood
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch49_32.htmlkey concept 49.5 The Circulation Is Controlled by Hormonal and Neural Signals
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch49_33.htmlAutoregulation matches local blood flow to local need
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch49_37.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_1.htmlChapter Introduction57fe3b8a757a2e2735000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_2.htmlkey concept 50.1 Food Provides Energy As Well As Materials for Biosynthesis
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_3.htmlEnergy needs and expenditures can be measured
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_4.htmlSources of energy are stored in the body
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_5.htmlFood provides carbon skeletons for biosynthesis
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_6.htmlAnimals need mineral elements for a variety of functions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_10.htmlkey concept 50.2 Diverse Adaptations Support Ingestion and Digestion of Food
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_11.htmlThe food of herbivores is often low in energy and hard to digest
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_12.htmlCarnivores must find, capture, and kill prey
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_13.htmlVertebrate species have distinctive teeth
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_14.htmlDigestion usually begins in a body cavity
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_15.htmlTubular guts have an opening at each end
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_19.htmlkey concept 50.3 The Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Is a Disassembly Line
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_20.htmlThe vertebrate gut consists of concentric tissue layers
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_22.htmlChemical digestion begins in the mouth and the stomach
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_23.htmlThe stomach gradually releases its contents to the small intestine
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_24.htmlMost chemical digestion occurs in the small intestine
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_27.htmlWater and ions are absorbed in the large intestine
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_28.htmlHerbivores rely on their microbiota to digest cellulose
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_30.htmlkey concept 50.4 Nutrient Availability Is Controlled and Regulated
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_32.htmlThe liver stores and releases the molecules that fuel metabolism
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_36_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57fe3b8a757a2e2735000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_37.htmlInvestigating Life57fe3b8a757a2e2735000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_38.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_38_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57fe3b8a757a2e2735000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_39.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch50_39_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57fe3b8a757a2e2735000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_1.htmlChapter Introduction57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_1_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_2.htmlkey concept 51.1 Excretory Systems Regulate Osmotic and Ionic Concentrations
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_2_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_3.htmlOsmosis causes water to enter or to leave cells
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_3_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_4.htmlExcretory systems control extracellular fluid osmolarity and composition
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_4_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_5.htmlAquatic invertebrates are either ionic conformers or regulators
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_5_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_6.htmlVertebrates are osmoregulators and ionic regulators
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_6_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_7.htmlrecap57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_7_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_8.htmlkey concept 51.2 Animals Excrete Nitrogen as Ammonia, Urea, or Uric Acid
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_8_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_9.htmlAmmonia is toxic
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_9_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_10.htmlUrea is highly soluble in water
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_10_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_11.htmlUric acid is not very soluble in water
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_11_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_12.htmlMost species produce more than one nitrogenous waste
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_12_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_13.htmlrecap57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_13_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_14.htmlkey concept 51.3 Invertebrate Excretory Systems Use Filtration, Secretion, and Reabsorption
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_14_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_15.htmlProtonephridia of flatworms excrete water and conserve salts
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_15_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_16.htmlMetanephridia of annelids process coelomic fluid
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_16_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_17.htmlMalpighian tubules of insects use active transport to excrete wastes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_17_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_18.htmlrecap57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_18_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_19.htmlkey concept 51.4 The Nephron Is the Basic Functional Unit of Vertebrate Excretory Systems
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_19_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_20.htmlMarine fishes must conserve water
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_20_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_21.htmlTerrestrial amphibians and reptiles must avoid desiccation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_21_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_22.htmlMammals can produce highly concentrated urine
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_22_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_23.htmlThe nephron is the functional unit of the vertebrate kidney
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_23_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_24.htmlBlood is filtered into Bowmanâs capsule
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_25.htmlThe renal tubules convert glomerular filtrate to urine
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_26_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_27.htmlkey concept 51.5 The Mammalian Kidney Can Produce Concentrated Urine
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_27_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_28.htmlKidneys produce urine and the bladder stores it
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_28_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_29.htmlNephrons have a regular arrangement in the kidney
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_29_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_30.htmlMost of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_30_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_31.htmlThe loop of Henle creates a concentration gradient in the renal medulla
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_32.htmlWater permeability of kidney tubules depends on water channels
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_32_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_33.htmlThe distal convoluted tubule fine-tunes the composition of the urine
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_33_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_34.htmlUrine is concentrated in the collecting duct
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_34_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_35.htmlThe kidneys help regulate acidâbase balance
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_35_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_36.htmlKidney failure is treated with dialysis
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_37.htmlrecap57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_37_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_38.htmlkey concept 51.6 Kidney Function Is Regulated
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_38_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_39.htmlGlomerular filtration rate is regulated
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_39_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_40.htmlRegulation of GFR uses feedback information from the distal tubule
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_40_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_41.htmlBlood osmolarity and blood pressure are regulated by ADH
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_41_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_42.htmlThe heart produces a hormone that helps lower blood pressure
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_43.htmlrecap57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_43_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_44.htmlInvestigating Life57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_44_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_45.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_45_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_46.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch51_46_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ff811c757a2e5848000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_1.htmlChapter Introduction57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_1_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_2.htmlkey concept 52.1 Ethology Led to Modern Behavioral Biology
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_2_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_3.htmlConditioned reflexes are a simple behavioral mechanism
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_3_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_4.htmlEthologists focused on the behavior of animals in their natural environment
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_4_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_5.htmlEthologists probed the causes of behavior
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_6.htmlrecap57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_6_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_7.htmlkey concept 52.2 Behavior Can Be Genetically Determined
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_7_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_8.htmlSingle gene mutations can alter behavioral phenotypes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_8_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_9.htmlKnockout experiments reveal the roles of specific genes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_9_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_10.htmlGene cascades can control complex behavioral phenotypes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_10_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_11.htmlrecap57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_11_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_12.htmlkey concept 52.3 Behavior Can Be Studied Developmentally
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_12_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_13.htmlHormones can determine behavioral potential and timing
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_13_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_14.htmlSome behaviors can be acquired only at certain times
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_14_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_15.htmlBirdsong learning involves genetics, imprinting, development, and social interactions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_15_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_16.htmlThe timing and expression of birdsong are under hormonal control
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_16_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_17.htmlrecap57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_17_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_18.htmlkey concept 52.4 Selective Pressures Shape Behavior
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_18_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_19.htmlAnimals are faced with many choices
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_19_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_20.htmlBehaviors have costs and benefits
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_20_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_21.htmlTerritorial behavior carries significant costs
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_21_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_22.htmlForaging behavior has costs and benefits
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_22_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_23.htmlrecap57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_23_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_24.htmlkey concept 52.5 Behavior Can Be Studied Mechanistically
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_24_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_25.htmlBiological rhythms coordinate behavior with environmental cycles
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_25_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_26.htmlAnimals must find their way around their environment
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_26_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_27.htmlAnimals use multiple modalities to communicate
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_28.htmlrecap57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_28_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_29.htmlkey concept 52.6 Social Interactions Shape the Evolution of Behavior
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_29_dlap.xmlDLAP questions57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_30.htmlMating systems evolve to maximize fitness
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_32.htmlEusociality is the extreme result of kin selection
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_33.htmlGroup living has benefits and costs
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_34.htmlCan the concepts of sociobiology be applied to humans?
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_36.htmlInvestigating Life57ffe55e757a2e3851000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_37.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch52_38.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_1.htmlChapter Introduction58010f07757a2efc64000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_2.htmlkey concept 53.1 Ecology Is the Study of the Interrelationships among Organisms and the Environment
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_3.htmlModern ecology has a more âuse-inspiredâ focus
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_4.htmlEcology is studied at many levels of organization
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_7.htmlkey concept 53.2 Global Climate Is a Fundamental Component of the Physical Environment
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_8.htmlSolar radiation drives global climate patterns
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_9.htmlEarth is a sphere, creating latitudinal variation in global temperature and precipitation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_10.htmlEarth spins on an axis, producing prevailing winds and ocean currents
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_11.htmlThe tilt of Earthâs axis and its orbit result in seasons
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_13.htmlkey concept 53.3 Topography, Vegetation, and Humans Modify the Physical Environment
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_14.htmlEarthâs topography affects the local and regional physical environment
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_15.htmlVegetation affects the local and regional physical environment, especially climate
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_16.htmlHumans have transformed their physical environment, including urban climate
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_18.htmlkey concept 53.4 Biogeography Is the Study of How Organisms Are Distributed on Earth
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_19.htmlPatterns of biogeography are interconnected across a hierarchy of spatial and temporal scales
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_20.htmlTerrestrial biomes reflect global patterns of temperature and precipitation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_21.htmlBiogeographic regions reflect evolutionary isolation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_22.htmlDiversity varies with latitude and longitude
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_23.htmlGeographic variation in diversity is explained by multiple factors
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_25.htmlkey concept 53.5 Geographic Area and Humans Affect Regional Species Diversity
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_26.htmlHumans exert a powerful influence on biogeographic patterns
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_28.htmlInvestigating Life58010f07757a2efc64000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_29.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch53_30.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch54_1.htmlChapter Introduction58013936757a2e206a000001
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch54_2.htmlkey concept 54.1 Populations Show Dynamic Variation in Size over Space and Time
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch54_3.htmlPopulation dynamics are controlled by the physical environment, biological interactions, and dispersal
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch54_4.htmlEcologists use a variety of approaches to estimate population size and extent
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch54_6.htmlkey concept 54.2 Population Growth Describes the Change in Population Size over Time
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch54_7.htmlBirths increase and deaths decrease population size over time
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch54_8.htmlAll populations have the potential for exponential growth
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch54_9.htmlLogistic growth occurs as a population approaches its carrying capacity
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch54_10.htmlFactors limiting population growth can be density-dependent or density-independent
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch54_11.htmlLife tables keep track of demographic events
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch54_13.htmlkey concept 54.3 Life History Is the Lifetime Pattern of Growth, Reproduction, and Survival
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch54_14.htmlLife history strategies can vary at species and population levels
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch54_15.htmlLife history strategies arise from constraints on growth, reproduction, and survival
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch54_17.htmlkey concept 54.4 Population Biology Can Be Used in Conserving and Managing Populations
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch54_18.htmlManagement plans must take life history strategies into account
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch54_19.htmlManagement plans must be guided by the principles of population dynamics
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch54_20.htmlKnowledge of metapopulation dynamics helps us conserve species
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch54_22.htmlInvestigating Life58013936757a2e206a000001
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch54_23.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch54_24.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_1.htmlChapter Introduction5804cf26757a2e547a000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_2.htmlkey concept 55.1 Species Interactions Vary in Direction and Strength across a Continuum
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_3.htmlSpecies interactions are not always clear-cut
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_6.htmlkey concept 55.2 Predation Is a Trophic Interaction in which Predators Benefit and Prey Are Harmed
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_7.htmlCarnivory results in a range of capture and avoidance mechanisms
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_8.htmlHerbivory is a widespread but specialized interaction
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_9.htmlMost parasites specialize on hosts, and most hosts house many species of parasites
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_10.htmlPredator populations can cycle with their prey populations
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_13.htmlkey concept 55.3 Competition Is a Negative Interaction in which Species Overlap in the Use of Some Limiting Resource
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_14.htmlResource partitioning allows species to coexist despite overlapping use of limiting resources
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_15.htmlThe physical environment, disturbance, and predation can each alter the outcome of competition
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_16.htmlCompetition can affect speciesâ distributions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_18.htmlkey concept 55.4 Positive Interactions Occur When at Least One Species Benefits and None Are Harmed
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_18_dlap.xmlDLAP questions5804cf26757a2e547a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_19.htmlPositive interactions are more common in stressful environments
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_20.htmlPositive interactions can have dramatic effects on populations and communities
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_21.htmlrecap5804cf26757a2e547a000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_22.htmlInvestigating Life5804cf26757a2e547a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_22_dlap.xmlDLAP questions5804cf26757a2e547a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_23.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_23_dlap.xmlDLAP questions5804cf26757a2e547a000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch55_24.htmlApply What You've Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_1.htmlChapter Introduction58050f7e757a2e2f02000001
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_1_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58050f7e757a2e2f02000001
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_2.htmlkey concept 56.1 Communities Are Groups of Interacting Species Occurring Together in Space and Time
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_3.htmlEcologists often use a subset of species to define communities
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_4.htmlSpecies diversity and composition are important descriptors of community structure
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_5.htmlrecap58050f7e757a2e2f02000001
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_6.htmlkey concept 56.2 Community Membership Depends on Species Supply, Environmental Conditions, and Species Interactions
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_7.htmlCommunity membership depends on species supply
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_8.htmlEnvironmental conditions are critical to community membership
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_9.htmlResident species can restrict or promote community membership
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_10.htmlrecap58050f7e757a2e2f02000001
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_10_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58050f7e757a2e2f02000001
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_11.htmlkey concept 56.3 Communities Are Complex Networks of Species Interactions That Vary in Strength and Direction
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_11_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58050f7e757a2e2f02000001
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_12.htmlIndirect interactions are important to community structure
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_13.htmlStrongly interacting species often regulate community structure
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_14.htmlSpecies with similar effects on one another may coexist by chance
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_15.htmlrecap58050f7e757a2e2f02000001
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_15_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58050f7e757a2e2f02000001
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_16.htmlkey concept 56.4 Communities Are Always Changing
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_16_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58050f7e757a2e2f02000001
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_17.htmlChange in communities can be caused by abiotic and biotic factors
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_17_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58050f7e757a2e2f02000001
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_18.htmlSuccession is a process of change in communities over time
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_19.htmlBoth facilitation and inhibition influence succession
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_20.htmlAlternative successional pathways result in variations in community composition
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_20_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58050f7e757a2e2f02000001
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_21.htmlrecap58050f7e757a2e2f02000001
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_22.htmlkey concept 56.5 Relationships between Species Diversity and Community Function Are Often Positive
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_22_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58050f7e757a2e2f02000001
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_23.htmlSpecies diversity is associated with productivity and stability
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_23_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58050f7e757a2e2f02000001
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_24.htmlDiversity, productivity, and stability differ between natural and managed communities
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_24_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58050f7e757a2e2f02000001
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_25.htmlrecap58050f7e757a2e2f02000001
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_26.htmlInvestigating Life58050f7e757a2e2f02000001
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_27.htmlChapter Summary
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_27_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58050f7e757a2e2f02000001
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch56_28.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_1.htmlChapter Introduction58061162757a2ec511000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_1_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58061162757a2ec511000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_2.htmlkey concept 57.1 Ecosystem Science Considers How Energy and Nutrients Flow through Biotic and Abiotic Environments
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_3.htmlEnergy flowing through ecosystems originates with sunlight and inorganic and organic compounds
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_3_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58061162757a2ec511000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_4.htmlNutrients cycling through ecosystems originate in soil, water, and the atmosphere
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_5.htmlrecap58061162757a2ec511000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_5_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58061162757a2ec511000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_6.htmlkey concept 57.2 Energy and Nutrients in Ecosystems Are First Captured by Primary Producers
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_7.htmlNet primary production is the amount of carbon remaining in plants after respiration
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_8.htmlPatterns of primary production vary with latitude and ecosystem type
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_9.htmlRainfall and temperature largely control terrestrial primary production
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_10.htmlLight and nutrients combine to control aquatic primary production
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_11.htmlrecap58061162757a2ec511000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_12.htmlkey concept 57.3 Food Webs Transfer Energy and Nutrients from Primary Producers to Consumers
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_12_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58061162757a2ec511000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_13.htmlThe amount of energy transferred within food webs depends on trophic efficiency
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_14.htmlFood webs are controlled by bottom-up and top-down forces
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_15.htmlThe number of trophic levels can control the flow of energy through food webs
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_16.htmlrecap58061162757a2ec511000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_16_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58061162757a2ec511000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_17.htmlkey concept 57.4 Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems Involves Chemical and Biological Transformations
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_18.htmlWater cycles rapidly around the globe
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_18_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58061162757a2ec511000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_19.htmlThe carbon cycle is being altered by human activities, resulting in climate change
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_19_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58061162757a2ec511000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_20.htmlThe nitrogen cycle is dominated by biotic processes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_21.htmlThe global phosphorus cycle is dominated by geochemical processes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_21_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58061162757a2ec511000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_22.htmlThe burning of fossil fuels affects the sulfur cycle
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_23.htmlrecap58061162757a2ec511000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_23_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58061162757a2ec511000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_24.htmlkey concept 57.5 Ecosystems Provide Important Services and Values to Humans
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_24_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58061162757a2ec511000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_25.htmlThe value of ecosystem services can be measured
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_26.htmlrecap58061162757a2ec511000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_27.htmlInvestigating Life58061162757a2ec511000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_27_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58061162757a2ec511000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_28.htmlChapter Summary
58061162757a2ec511000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_28_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58061162757a2ec511000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch57_29.htmlApply What Youâve Learned
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_1.htmlChapter Introduction58064037757a2ebf15000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_1_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58064037757a2ebf15000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_2.htmlkey concept 58.1 Human Activities Are Changing the Biosphere, Resulting in Biodiversity Loss
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_2_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58064037757a2ebf15000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_3.htmlBiodiversity has great value to human society
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_3_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58064037757a2ebf15000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_4.htmlDiversity loss at one scale affects diversity loss at other scales
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_4_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58064037757a2ebf15000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_5.htmlSpecies diversity is being lost at unprecedented rates
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_5_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58064037757a2ebf15000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_6.htmlWe can predict the effects of human activities on biodiversity
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_7.htmlrecap58064037757a2ebf15000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_7_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58064037757a2ebf15000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_8.htmlkey concept 58.2 Most Biodiversity Loss Is Caused by Habitat Loss and Degradation
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_8_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58064037757a2ebf15000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_9.htmlHabitat loss and degradation endanger species
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_9_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58064037757a2ebf15000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_10.htmlOverharvesting has driven many species to extinction and changed food webs
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_10_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58064037757a2ebf15000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_11.htmlInvasive predators, competitors, and pathogens threaten many species
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_12.htmlSpecies and ecosystems are already being affected by climate change
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_12_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58064037757a2ebf15000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_13.htmlrecap58064037757a2ebf15000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_13_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58064037757a2ebf15000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_14.htmlkey concept 58.3 Protecting Biodiversity Requires Conservation and Management Strategies
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_14_dlap.xmlDLAP questions58064037757a2ebf15000000
http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_15.htmlProtected areas preserve habitat and curtail biodiversity loss
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_16.htmlDegraded ecosystems can be restored
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch58_17.htmlCaptive breeding programs can maintain a few species
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch59_1.htmlChapter Introduction58174c24757a2ed556000002
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch60_1.htmlChapter Introduction5817567e757a2e5b58000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch60_4.htmlStep 1: Choose an Experimental Design
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/life11e/life11e_ch60_5.htmlStep 2: Collect Data
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