Compare two Madonnas shown in this book: One (page 43) is a late medieval masterpiece from northern Europe, the other from the new world of Renaissance Italy (page 36; painted only fifty years later). Uncrowned, uncluttered, the mother here smiles, the children play — God and His angels do not encircle this Madonna by Raphael as they do Lochner’s on page 43. Mondadori Portfolio/Electa/Sergio Anelli/The Bridgeman Art Library.