Title Page
Dedication
About the Authors
Preface--To the Instructor
Streaming Music Credits
Introduction
Introduction Resources
Concert Report Guidelines
Introduction to Unit I, Fundamentals
Rhythm, Meter, and Tempo
1 | Rhythm
Beat and Accent
2 | Meter
Rhythm and Meter
Syncopation
Listening Exercise 1 Rhythm, Meter, and Syncopation
3 | Tempo
Listening Exercise 2 Rhythm, Meter, and Tempo
Goals for Review
Chapter 1 Resources
Scott Joplin, “Maple Leaf Rag”
Ludwig van Beethoven, “Joy Theme” from Symphony No. 9, IV
Franz Schubert, String Quartet in A Minor, No. 13, D.804, I (excerpt)
Franz Schubert, Symphony No. 8 (“Unfinished”), I (excerpt)
Benjamin Britten, The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra
Ludwig van Beethoven, Piano Concerto No. 5 (“Emperor”), III (excerpt)
Sergei Rachmaninov, Rhapsody on a Theme by Paganini (excerpt)
Listening Quiz for Chapter 1
Reading Quiz for Chapter 1
Pitch, Dynamics, and Tone Color
1 | Pitch
2 | Dynamics
Listening Exercise 3 Pitch and Dynamics
3 | Tone Color
Musical Instruments
Listening Exercise 4 The Orchestra in Action
Goals for Review
Chapter 2 Resources
Franz Schubert, Symphony No. 8 (“Unfinished”), I (excerpt)
Britten, The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra
Listening Quiz for Chapter 2
Reading Quiz for Chapter 2
Scales and Melody
1 | Scales
The Octave
The Diatonic Scale
The Chromatic Scale
Half Steps and Whole Steps
2 | Melody
Tunes
Motives and Themes
Characteristics of Tunes
Listening Exercise 5 Melody and Tune
Goals for Review
Chapter 3 Resources
George and Ira Gershwin, arranged by Nelson Riddle, “Who Cares?”
Listening Quiz for Chapter 3
Reading Quiz for Chapter 3
Harmony, Texture, Tonality, and Mode
1 | Harmony
Consonance and Dissonance
2 | Texture
Monophony
Homophony and Polyphony
Imitation
Listening Exercise 6 Texture
3 | Tonality and Mode
Tonality
Major and Minor Modes
Keys
Listening for the Major and Minor Modes
Listening for Keys and Modulation
Listening Exercise 7 Mode and Key
Goals for Review
Chapter 4 Resources
Ludwig van Beethoven, “Joy Theme” from Symphony No. 9, IV
Igor Stravinsky, Symphony of Psalms, II (excerpt)
Franz Schubert, String Quartet in A Minor, No. 13, D.804, I (excerpt)
Ludwig van Beethoven, Piano Concerto No. 5 (“Emperor”), III (excerpt)
Listening Quiz for Chapter 4
Reading Quiz for Chapter 4
Musical Form and Musical Style
1 | Form in Music
Form and Feeling
Form and Forms
Listening Exercise 8 Musical Form
Musical Genres
2 | Musical Style
Musical Style and Lifestyle
Benjamin Britten (1913–1976), The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra (1946)
Listening Chart 1 Britten, The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra
Goals for Review
Chapter 5 Resources
Franz Schubert, String Quartet in A Minor, No. 13, D.804, I (excerpt)
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, “Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy” from The Nutcracker
Benjamin Britten, The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra
Listening Quiz for Chapter 5
Reading Quiz for Chapter 5
Introduction to Unit II, Early Music: An Overview
The Middle Ages
1 | Music and the Church
Music and Church Services: Liturgy
Plainchant
Characteristics of Plainchant
Gregorian Recitation and Gregorian Melody
Anonymous (c. ninth century), Plainchant antiphon, “In paradisum”
Hildegard of Bingen (1098–1179), Plainchant sequence, “Columba aspexit”
2 | Music at Court
Troubadour and Trouvère Songs
Bernart de Ventadorn (c. 1135–1194), Troubadour song, “La dousa votz”
The Estampie
How Did Early Music Sound?
3 | The Evolution of Polyphony
Organum
Pérotin (c. 1200), Organum, “Alleluia. Diffusa est gratia”
4 | Later Medieval Polyphony
Anonymous (late thirteenth century), Round, “Sumer Is Icumen In”
Ars Nova
Guillaume de Machaut (c. 1300–1377), Chanson, “Dame, de qui toute ma joie vient”
Goals for Review
Global Perspectives: Sacred Chant
Chapter 6 Resources
Anonymous, “In paradisum”
Hildegard of Bingen, “Columba aspexit”
Bernart de Ventadorn, “La dousa votz”
Pérotin, “Alleluia. Diffusa est gratia”
Anonymous, “Sumer Is Icumen In”
Machaut, “Dame, de qui toute ma joie vient”
Qur’anic recitation, “Ya sin”
Hawai’ian chant, mele pule
Navajo song, “K’adnikini’ya’”
Listening Quiz for Chapter 6
Reading Quiz for Chapter 6
Listening Quiz for Global Perspectives: Sacred Chant
Reading Quiz for Global Perspectives: Sacred Chant
The Renaissance
1 | New Attitudes
Early Homophony
Guillaume Dufay (c. 1400–1474), Harmonized hymn, “Ave maris stella”
The Mass
2 | The High Renaissance Style
Imitation
Homophony
Other Characteristics
Josquin Desprez (c. 1450–1521), Pange lingua Mass (c. 1510)
3 | Music as Expression
Josquin Desprez, Chanson, “Mille regrets”
4 | Late Renaissance Music
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (c. 1525–1594), Pope Marcellus Mass (1557)
The Motet
The Italian Madrigal
The English Madrigal
Thomas Weelkes (c. 1575–1623), Madrigal, “As Vesta Was from Latmos Hill Descending” (1601)
5 | Instrumental Music: Early Developments
Renaissance Dances
Anonymous (sixteenth century), Galliard, “Daphne”
Anonymous (sixteenth century), “Kemp’s Jig”
Goals for Review
Global Perspectives: Music and Early European Colonialism
Chapter 7 Resources
Dufay, “Ave maris stella”
Josquin, “Mille regrets”
Palestrina, Pope Marcellus Mass, from the Gloria
Weelkes, “As Vesta Was from Latmos Hill Descending”
Anonymous, “Daphne”
Anonymous, “Kemp’s Jig”
Inca processional music, “Hanaq pachap kusikuynin”
Listening Quiz for Chapter 7
Reading Quiz for Chapter 7
Listening Quiz for Global Perspectives: Music and Early European Colonialism
Reading Quiz for Global Perspectives: Music and Early European Colonialism
The Early Baroque Period
1 | From Renaissance to Baroque
Music in Venice
Extravagance and Control
Giovanni Gabrieli, Motet, “O magnum mysterium” (c. 1610)
2 | Style Features of Early Baroque Music
Rhythm and Meter
Texture: Basso Continuo
Functional Harmony
3 | Opera
Recitative and Aria
Claudio Monteverdi (1567–1643)
Singing Italian
Claudio Monteverdi, The Coronation of Poppea (1642)
Henry Purcell (1659–1695)
Henry Purcell, Dido and Aeneas (1689)
4 | The Rise of Instrumental Music
Girolamo Frescobaldi (1583–1643)
Girolamo Frescobaldi, Canzona, Balletto, and Corrente (1627–1637)
Goals for Review
Global Perspectives: African Ostinato Forms
Chapter 8 Resources
Gabrieli, “O magnum mysterium”
Monteverdi, The Coronation of Poppea, from Act I, “Tornerai?” and “Speranza, tu mi vai”
Purcell, Dido and Aeneas, from Act III, “Thy Hand, Belinda,” “When I am laid,” and “With drooping wings”
Frescobaldi, Canzona, Balletto, and Corrente
Gambian minstrel song, “Laminba”
Pygmy polyphony, Elephant-hung song
Listening Quiz for Chapter 8
Reading Quiz for Chapter 8
Listening Quiz for Global Perspectives: African Ostinato Forms
Reading Quiz for Global Perspectives: African Ostinato Forms
Introduction to Unit III, The Eighteenth Century
Prelude: The Late Baroque Period
1 | Absolutism and the Age of Science
Art and Absolutism
The Music of Absolutism
Art and Theatricality
Science and the Arts
Science and Music
2 | Musical Life in the Early Eighteenth Century
3 | Style Features of Late Baroque Music
Rhythm
Dynamics
Tone Color
The Baroque Orchestra
Melody
Ornamentation
Texture
The Continuo
Musical Form
4 | The Emotional World of Baroque Music
Goals for Review
Chapter 9 Resources
Reading Quiz for Chapter 9
Baroque Instrumental Music
1 | Concerto and Concerto Grosso
Movements
Ritornello Form
Antonio Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in G, La stravaganza, Op. 4, No. 12 (1712–1713)
Listening Chart 2 Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in G, La stravaganza, first movement
Biography: Antonio Vivaldi (1678–1741)
Baroque Variation Form: The Ground Bass
Antonio Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in G, La stravaganza, Op. 4, No. 12 (1712–1713)
Listening Chart 3 Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in G, La stravaganza, second movement
Vivaldi’s Greatest Hits
Antonio Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in E, Spring, Op. 8, No. 1 (before 1725)
Listening Chart 4 Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in E, Spring, first movement (Allegro)
Johann Sebastian Bach, Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, for Flute, Violin, Harpsichord, and Orchestra (before 1721)
Listening Chart 5 Bach, Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, first movement
Biography: Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750)
2 | Fugue
Fugal Exposition
Fugal Devices
Johann Sebastian Bach, Prelude and Fugue in C Major, from The Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 1 (1722)
Listening Chart 6 Bach, Fugue 1 in C Major, from The Wel
Glenn Gould (1932–1982)
3 | Baroque Dances
The Dance Suite
Baroque Dance Form
George Frideric Handel (1685–1759), Minuet from the Royal Fireworks Music (1749)
Johann Sebastian Bach, Gigue from Cello Suite no. 2 in D Minor (c. 1720)
Goals for Review
Chapter 10 Resources
Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in G, La stravaganza, Op. 4, No. 12, I and II
Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in E, Spring, Op. 8, No. 1, I
Bach, Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, I
Bach, Prelude 1 and Fugue 1 in C Major from The Wel
Handel, Minuet from The Royal Fireworks Music
Bach, Gigue from Cello Suite No. 2 in D Minor
Listening Quiz for Chapter 10
Reading Quiz for Chapter 10
Baroque Vocal Music
1 | Opera
Italian Opera Seria
Recitative
Aria
The Castrato
George Frideric Handel, Julius Caesar (1724)
2 | Oratorio
Biography: George Frideric Handel (1685–1759)
George Frideric Handel, Messiah (1742)
Women in Music
3 | The Church Cantata
The Lutheran Chorale
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750), Cantata No. 4, “Christ lag in Todesbanden” (1707)
Goals for Review
Chapter 11 Resources
Handel, Julius Caesar, “La giustizia”
Handel, Messiah, “There were shepherds,” “Glory to God,” and Hallelujah Chorus
Bach, Cantata No. 4, “Christ lag in Todesbanden,” Stanzas 3, 4, and 7
Listening Quiz for Chapter 11
Reading Quiz for Chapter 11
Prelude: Music and the Enlightenment
1 | The Enlightenment and Music
“The Pursuit of Happiness”
Art and Entertainment
Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Opera
The Novel
2 | The Rise of Concerts
3 | Style Features of Classical Music
Rhythm
Dynamics
Tone Color: The Classical Orchestra
Melody: Tunes
Texture: Homophony
Classical Counterpoint
4 | Form in Classical Music
Repetitions and Cadences
Classical Forms
Goals for Review
Chapter 12 Resources
Reading Quiz for Chapter 12
The Symphony
1 | The Movements of the Symphony
2 | Sonata Form
Exposition (A)
Development (B)
Recapitulation (A′)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550 (1788)
Listening Chart 7
Biography: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791)
3 | Classical Variation Form
Symphonies of Haydn
Franz Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 94 in G (“The Surprise,” 1791)
Listening Chart 8
Biography: Franz Joseph Haydn (1732–1809)
4 | Minuet Form (Classical Dance Form)
Baroque and Classical Dance Form
Franz Joseph Haydn, Symphony no. 99 in E-flat (1793)
Listening Chart 9
5 | Rondo Form
Franz Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 101 in D (“The Clock,” 1793–1794)
Listening Chart 10
Goals for Review
Chapter 13 Resources
Mozart, Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550, I
Haydn, Symphony No. 94 in G (“The Surprise”), II
Haydn, Symphony No. 99 in E-flat, III
Haydn, Symphony No. 101 in D (“The Clock”), IV
Listening Quiz for Chapter 13
Reading Quiz for Chapter 13
Other Classical Genres
1 | The Sonata
2 | The Classical Concerto
Double-Exposition Form
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791), Piano Concerto No. 23 in A, K. 488 (1786)
Listening Chart 11 Mozart, Piano Concerto No. 23 in A, K. 488, first movement (Allegro)
3 | The String Quartet
Chamber Music
4 | Opera Buffa
The Ensemble
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Don Giovanni (1787)
Goals for Review
Global Perspectives: Musical Form: Two Case Studies from Asia
Chapter 14 Resources
Mozart, Piano Concerto No. 23 in A, K. 488, I
Mozart, Don Giovanni, from Act I, scene iii, “Ho capito,” “Alfin siam liberati,” and “Là ci darem la mano”
Japanese gagaku,Etenraku
Balinese gamelan, I Lotring, Bopong
Listening Quiz for Chapter 14
Reading Quiz for Chapter 14
Listening Quiz for Global Perspectives: Musical Form: Two Case Studies from Asia
Reading Quiz for Global Perspectives: Musical Form: Two Case Studies from Asia
Introduction to Unit IV, The Nineteenth Century
Beethoven
1 | Between Classicism and Romanticism
The French Revolution
2 | Beethoven and the Symphony
Biography: Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827)
The Scherzo
Ludwig van Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 67 (1808)
Listening Chart 12 Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, first movement
Listening Chart 13 Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, complete work
3 | Beethoven’s “Third Period”
Ludwig van Beethoven, Piano Sonata in E, Op. 109 (1820)
Listening Chart 14 Beethoven, Piano Sonata in E, Op. 109, first movement (Vivace)
Goals for Review
Chapter 15 Resources
Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 67, I-IV
Beethoven, Piano Sonata in E, Op. 109, I
Listening Quiz for Chapter 15
Reading Quiz for Chapter 15
Prelude: Music after Beethoven: Romanticism
1 | Romanticism
The Cult of Individual Feeling
Romanticism and Revolt
Artistic Barriers
Music and the Supernatural
Music and the Other Arts
2 | Concert Life in the Nineteenth Century
The Artist and the Public
3 | Style Features of Romantic Music
Romantic Melody
Romantic Harmony
Rhythmic Freedom: Rubato
The Expansion of Tone Color
4 | Program Music
5 | Form in Romantic Music
Miniature Compositions
Grandiose Compositions
The Principle of Thematic Unity
Goals for Review
Chapter 16 Resources
Reading Quiz for Chapter 16
The Early Romantics
1 | The Lied
Franz Schubert, “Erlkönig” (The Erlking) (1815)
Biography: Franz Schubert (1797–1828)
The Song Cycle
Robert Schumann, Dichterliebe (A Poet’s Love) (1840)
Biography: Robert Schumann (1810–1856)
Clara Schumann, “Der Mond kommt still gegangen” (The moon has risen softly) (1843)
Biography: Clara Wieck (Clara Schumann) (1819–1896)
2 | The Character Piece for Piano
Franz Schubert, Moment Musical no. 2 in A-flat (1827?)
Robert Schumann, Carnaval (1833–1835)
Frederic Chopin, nocturne in F-sharp, Op. 15, no. 2 (1831)
Biography: Frédéric Chopin (1810–1849)
Biography: Franz Liszt (1811–1886)
3 | Early Romantic Program Music
The Concert Overture: Felix Mendelssohn
Biography: Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847)
Biography: Fanny Mendelssohn (1805–1847)
The Program Symphony: Hector Berlioz
Hector Berlioz, Fantastic Symphony: Episodes in the Life of an Artist (1830)
Listening Chart 15 Berlioz, Fantastic Symphony, fifth movement
Biography: Hector Berlioz (1803–1869)
Goals for Review
Chapter 17 Resources
Schubert, “Erlkönig”
R. Schumann,Dichterliebe, “Im wunderschönen Monat Mai” and “Die alten, bösen Lieder”
C. Schumann, “Der Mond kommt still gegangen”
Schubert, Moment Musical No. 2 in A-flat
R. Schumann, Carnaval, “Eusebius” and “Florestan”
Chopin, Nocturne in F-sharp, Op. 15, No. 2
Berlioz, Fantastic Symphony, V
Listening Quiz for Chapter 17
Reading Quiz for Chapter 17
Romantic Opera
1 | Verdi and Italian Opera
Recitative and Aria: The Role of the Orchestra
Early Romantic Opera
Giuseppe Verdi, Rigoletto (1851)
Biography: Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1901)
2 | Wagner and Music Drama
Biography: Richard Wagner (1813–1883)
The Total Work of Art
Wagner’s Tristan and Isolde (1859)
Leitmotivs
The Nibelung’s Ring (1848–1874)
Richard Wagner, The Valkyrie (1851–1856)
3 | Late Romantic Opera
Giacomo Puccini (1858–1924)
Giacomo Puccini, Madame Butterfly (1904)
Goals for Review
Chapter 18 Resources
Verdi, Rigoletto, from Act III, scene i, “La donna è mobile” and “Bella figlia dell’amore”
Wagner, The Valkyrie, Act I, scene i
Puccini, Madame Butterfly, from Act II, “Un bel dí”
Listening Quiz for Chapter 18
Reading Quiz for Chapter 18
The Late Romantics
Romanticism and Realism
1 | Late Romantic Program Music
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Overture-Fantasy, Romeo and Juliet (1869, revised 1880)
Listening Chart 16 Tchaikovsky, Overtur
Biography: Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840–1893)
2 | Nationalism
Exoticism
The Russian Kuchka
Modest Musorgsky, Pictures at an Exhibition (1874)
Biography: Modest Musorgsky (1839–1881)
Other Nationalists
3 | Responses to Romanticism
The Renewal of Classicism: Brahms
Biography: Johannes Brahms (1833–1897)
Johannes Brahms, Violin Concerto in D, Op. 77 (1878)
Listening Chart 17 Brahms, Violin Concerto in D, third movement
Romantic Nostalgia: Mahler
Biography: Gustav Mahler (1860–1911)
Gustav Mahler, Symphony No. 1 (1888)
Listening Chart 18 Mahler, Symphony No. 1, third movement, Funeral March
Goals for Review
Global Perspectives: Musical Drama Worldwide
Chapter 19 Resources
Tchaikovsky, Overture-Fantasy, Romeo and Juliet
Musorgsky, Pictures at an Exhibition
Brahms, Violin Concerto in D, III
Mahler, Symphony No. 1, III, Funeral March
Beijing opera, The Prince Who Changed into a Cat
Listening Quiz for Chapter 19
Reading Quiz for Chapter 19
Listening Quiz for Global Perspectives: Musical Drama Worldwide
Reading Quiz for Global Perspectives: Musical Drama Worldwide
Introduction to Unit V, The Twentieth Century and Beyond
Prelude: Music and Modernism
1 | Varieties of Modernism
2 | Progress and Uncertainty
3 | The Response of Modernism
4 | Literature and Art before World War I
Impressionists and Symbolists
Expressionists and Fauves
5 | Modernist Music before World War I
Experiment and Transformation: Melody
New Horizons, New Scales
“The Emancipation of Dissonance”
Goals for Review
Chapter 20 Resources
Reading Quiz for Chapter 20
Early Modernism
1 | Debussy and Impressionism
Claude Debussy, Clouds, from Three Nocturnes (1899)
Listening Chart 19 Debussy, Clouds, from Three Nocturnes
Biography: Claude Debussy (1862–1918)
2 | Stravinsky: The Primacy of Rhythm
Igor Stravinsky, The Rite of Spring, Part I, “The Adoration of the Earth” (1913)
Listening Chart 20 Stravinsky, The Rite of Spring, from Part I, “The Adoration of the Earth”
Biography: Igor Stravinsky (1882–1971)
3 | Expressionism
Arnold Schoenberg, Pierrot lunaire (Moonstruck Pierrot) (1912)
Biography: Arnold Schoenberg (1874–1951)
Alban Berg (1885–1935), Wozzeck (1923)
Schoenberg and Serialism
4 | The First American Modernist: Ives
Biography: Charles Ives (1874–1954)
Charles Ives, Second Orchestral Set, second movement, “The Rockstrewn Hills Join in the People’s Outdoor Meeting” (1909)
Listening Chart 21 Ives, Second Orchestral Set, “The Rockstrewn Hills”
Charles Ives, The Unanswered Question (1906)
Goals for Review
Chapter 21 Resources
Debussy, Clouds, from Three Nocturnes
Stravinsky, The Rite of Spring, from Part I, “The Adoration of the Earth”
Schoenberg, Pierrot lunaire, No. 8, “Night” and No. 18, “The Moonfleck”
Berg, Wozzeck, Act III, scenes iii and iv
Ives, Second Orchestral Set, II, “The Rockstrewn Hills Join in the People’s Outdoor Meeting”
Listening Quiz for Chapter 21
Reading Quiz for Chapter 21
Modernism between the Wars
1 | Mixing Classical Form and Jazz: Maurice Ravel
Maurice Ravel, Piano Concerto in G (1931)
Listening Chart 22 Ravel, Piano Concerto in G, first movement
Biography: Maurice Ravel (1875–1937)
2 | Folk Music, Nationalism, and Modernism: Béla Bartók
Biography: Béla Bartók (1881–1945)
Béla Bartók, Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta (1936)
Listening Chart 23 Bartók, Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta, second movement (Allegro)
3 | Varieties of American Modernism
Ruth Crawford
Ruth Crawford, Prelude for Piano no. 6 (Andante Mystico; 1928)
Listening Chart 24 Crawford, Prelude for Piano No. 6
Biography: Ruth Crawford (1901–1953)
William Grant Still
Biography: William Grant Still (1895–1978)
William Grant Still, Afro-American Symphony (1930)
Listening Chart 25 Still, Afro-American Symphony, fourth movement (Lento, con risoluzione)
Aaron Copland
Aaron Copland, Appalachian Spring (1945)
Biography: Aaron Copland (1900–1990)
4 | The Rise of Film Music
Composers for Film
Sergei Prokofiev, Alexander Nevsky Cantata (1938)
Listening Chart 26 Prokofiev, “The Battle on Ice” from Alexander Nevsky Cantata
Biography: Sergei Prokofiev (1891–1953)
Music and Totalitarianism
Goals for Review
Chapter 22 Resources
Ravel, Piano Concerto in G, I
Bartók, Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta, II
Crawford, Prelude for Piano No. 6
Still, Afr
Copland, Appalachian Spring, Sections 1, 2, 5, and 6
Prokofiev, “The Battle on Ice,” from Alexander Nevsky Cantata
Listening Quiz for Chapter 22
Reading Quiz for Chapter 22
The Late Twentieth Century
1 | The Postwar Avant-Garde
New Sound Materials
Electronic Music
On the Boundaries of Time
Anton Webern (1883–1945), Five Orchestral Pieces (1913)
Chance Music
2 | The New Generation
Edgard Varèse (1883–1965)
Edgard Varèse, Poème électronique (1958)
György Ligeti (1923–2006)
György Ligeti, Lux aeterna (1966)
Listening Chart 27 Ligeti, Lux aeterna
John Cage (1912–1992)
John Cage, 4′ 33″ (1952)
3 | Music at the End of the Millennium
Steve Reich (b. 1936) and Minimalism
Steve Reich, Music for 18 Musicians (1974–1976)
Listening Chart 28 Reich, Music for 18 Musicians, opening
New Expressionism and Connecting to the Past
George Crumb (b. 1929)
George Crumb, Voices from a Forgotten World (American Songbook, Volume 5) (2006)
Tania León (b. 1943)
Tania León, Indígena (1991)
Listening Chart 29 Tania León, Indígena
John Adams (b. 1947)
John Adams, Doctor Atomic (2005)
Goals for Review
Chapter 23 Resources
Webern, Five Orchestral Pieces, IV
Varèse, Poème électronique (excerpt)
Ligeti, Lux aeterna
Reich, Music for 18 Musicians, opening
Crumb, Voices from a Forgotten World (American Songbook, Volume 5), “House of the Rising Sun” and “Hallelujah, I'm a Bum!”
León, Indígena
Listening Quiz for Chapter 23
Reading Quiz for Chapter 23
Music in America: Jazz and Beyond
1 | Early American Music: An Overview
The Cultivated Tradition
Music in the Vernacular
African American Music
2 | Jazz: The First Fifty Years
Ragtime: Scott Joplin (1868–1917)
The Blues
Sippie Wallace (1898–1986), “If You Ever Been Down” Blues (1927) (Composed by G. W. Thomas)
New Orleans Jazz
Biography: Louis Armstrong (1901–1971)
Big-Band Jazz: Swing
Duke Ellington, “Conga Brava” (1940)
Biography: Duke Ellington (1899–1974)
Popular Song
3 | Later Jazz
Bebop
Charlie Parker (1920–1955) and Miles Davis (1926–1991), “Out of Nowhere” (1948)
Jazz after Bebop
Miles Davis (1926–1991), Bitches Brew (1969)
Global Perspectives: African Drumming
4 | The American Musical
Musical Comedy
The Musical after 1940
Leonard Bernstein (1918–1990), West Side Story (1957)
The Later Musical
5 | Rock
Early Rock’n’Roll
The 1960s: Rock Comes of Age
Motown, Soul, and Funk
The British Invasion
American Counteroffensives
After the 1960s
Trends 1980–2000: Punk, Rap, and Post-Rock
Global Perspectives: Global Music
6 | Conclusion
Goals for Review
Chapter 24 Resources
Thomas, “If You Ever Been Down” Blues
Ellington/Tizol, “Conga Brava”
Parker/Davis, “Out of Nowhere”
Davis, Bitches Brew (excerpt)
Bernstein,West Side Story, Dance at Gym: Meeting Scene and “Cool”
Yoruba drumming, “Ako”
South African popular song, “Anoku Gonda”
Listening Quiz for Chapter 24
Reading Quiz for Chapter 24
Listening Quiz for Global Perspectives: African Drumming
Reading Quiz for Global Perspectives: African Drumming
Listening Quiz for Global Perspectives: Global Music
Reading Quiz for Global Perspectives: Global Music
APPENDIX A: Time Lines
The Middle Ages
The Renaissance and Early Baroque
The Eighteenth Century
The Nineteenth Century
The Twentieth Century and Beyond
APPENDIX B: Musical Notation
Musical Notation
Notes and Rests
Rhythmic Notation
Pitch Notation
Scores
Glossary of Musical Terms