Goals for Review

to experience the development of recitative, aria, and ensemble in Giuseppe Verdi’s Romantic opera Rigoletto

to see the changing relationship of voice and orchestra in opera

to contrast Richard Wagner’s revolutionary music drama with Italian Romantic opera

to understand Wagner’s use of leitmotivs and follow their use in a scene from The Valkyrie

to gain an overview of early and late Romantic opera, before and after Verdi and Wagner