A few — a very few — instrumental dances also survive from the same court circles that produced the chivalric trouvère repertory. Called estampies (ess-tom-pées), they are unassuming one-line pieces in which the same or similar musical phrases are repeated many times in varied forms. (This suggests that estampies may have been written-down jongleur improvisations.) Estampies are marked by lively and insistent rhythms in triple meter. Modern performers often add a touch of spice with the help of percussion instruments. This is a modest beginning to the long and important history of European dance music, which we will pick up again in Chapter 7.