FIGURE 19-33 The Hippo signaling pathway family. The core kinase signaling module of the Hippo pathway is conserved across species (homologous proteins are shown in the same color), but input signals as well as pathway effectors have diverged during evolution. In budding and fission yeasts, cell cycle signals such as anaphase onset and nuclear position regulate exit from mitosis and cytokinesis through effector molecules such as the protein phosphatase Cdc14 (Clp1 in fission yeast). In metazoans, tissue organization cues, such as pathways that establish cell polarity, mechanical cues, and signals from G protein–coupled receptors, activate the Hippo pathway. The Hippo pathway then inhibits the transcription factor TAZ to prevent cell proliferation and tissue growth.