FIGURE 24-1 Overview of changes in cells that cause cancer. During carcinogenesis, six fundamental cellular properties are altered, as shown here in this tumor growing within normal tissue, to give rise to the complete, most destructive cancer phenotype. Less dangerous tumors arise when only some of these changes occur. In this chapter, we examine the genetic changes that result in these altered cellular properties. See D. Hanahan and R. A. Weinberg, 2011, Cell 144:646–674.