FIGURE 9-16 Core promoter elements of non-CpG island promoters in metazoans. The sequence of each element is shown with the 5′ end at the left and the 3′ end at the right. The most frequently observed bases in TATA box promoters are shown in larger font. A⁺¹ is the base at which transcription starts, Y is a pyrimidine (C or T), N is any of the four bases.

[Data from S. T. Smale and J. T. Kadonaga, 2003, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 72:449.]