Boldface terms within a definition are also defined in this glossary.

Figures and tables that illustrate defined terms are noted in parentheses.

Warburg effect Named after its discoverer, Otto Warburg, describes the observation that most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by glycolysis followed by fermentation of pyruvate to lactic acid. While normal cells use this form of energy production only under the oxygen-limiting (anaerobic) condition, cancer cells metabolize glucose in this manner even in the presence of sufficient oxygen. The process is thus also referred to as aerobic glycolysis.

Wee1 protein-tyrosine kinase; phosphorylates CDKs on threonine 14 and tyrosine 15 to inhibit CDK activity.

wild type Normal, nonmutant form of a gene, protein, cell, or organism.

Wnt A family of secreted signaling proteins used in the development of most tissues in most or all animals. Mutations in Wnt signal transduction components are implicated in human cancer, especially colon cancer. Receptors are Frizzled-class proteins with seven transmembrane segments. (Figure 16-30)