http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_1.htmlChapter Introduction572b8d22757a2e1932000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_2.html16.1 Receptor Serine Kinases That Activate Smads
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_3.htmlTGF-β Proteins Are Stored in an Inactive Form in the Extracellular Matrix
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_4.htmlThree Separate TGF-β Receptor Proteins Participate in Binding TGF-β and Activating Signal Transduction
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_5.htmlActivated TGF-β Receptors Phosphorylate Smad Transcription Factors
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_6.htmlThe Smad3/Smad4 Complex Activates Expression of Different Genes in Different Cell Types
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_7.htmlNegative Feedback Loops Regulate TGF-β/Smad Signaling
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_8.htmlKey Concepts of Section 16.1572b8d22757a2e1932000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_9.html16.2 Cytokine Receptors and the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_10.htmlCytokines Influence the Development of Many Cell Types
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_11.htmlBinding of a Cytokine to Its Receptor Activates One or More Tightly Bound JAK Protein Tyrosine Kinases
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_12.htmlPhosphotyrosine Residues Are Binding Surfaces for Multiple Proteins with Conserved Domains
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_13.htmlSH2 Domains in Action: JAK Kinases Activate STAT Transcription Factors
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_14.htmlMultiple Mechanisms Down-Regulate Signaling from Cytokine Receptors
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_15.htmlKey Concepts of Section 16.2572b8d22757a2e1932000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_16.html16.3 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_17.htmlBinding of Ligand Promotes Dimerization of an RTK and Leads to Activation of Its Intrinsic Tyrosine Kinase
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_18.htmlHomo- and Hetero-oligomers of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors Bind Members of the Epidermal Growth Factor Family
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_19.htmlActivation of the EGF Receptor Results in the Formation of an Asymmetric Active Kinase Dimer
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_20.htmlMultiple Mechanisms Down-Regulate Signaling from RTKs
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_21.htmlKey Concepts of Section 16.3572b8d22757a2e1932000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_22.html16.4 The Ras/MAP Kinase Pathway
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_23.htmlRas, a GTPase Switch Protein, Operates Downstream of Most RTKs and Cytokine Receptors
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_24.htmlGenetic Studies in Drosophila Identified Key Signal-Transducing Proteins in the Ras/MAP Kinase Pathway
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_25.htmlReceptor Tyrosine Kinases Are Linked to Ras by Adapter Proteins
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_26.htmlBinding of Sos to Inactive Ras Causes a Conformational Change That Triggers an Exchange of GTP for GDP
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_27.htmlSignals Pass from Activated Ras to a Cascade of Protein Kinases Ending with MAP Kinase
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_28.htmlPhosphorylation of MAP Kinase Results in a Conformational Change That Enhances Its Catalytic Activity and Promotes Its Dimerization
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_29.htmlMAP Kinase Regulates the Activity of Many Transcription Factors Controlling Early Response Genes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_30.htmlG ProteinâCoupled Receptors Transmit Signals to MAP Kinase in Yeast Mating Pathways
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_31.htmlScaffold Proteins Separate Multiple MAP Kinase Pathways in Eukaryotic Cells
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_32.htmlKey Concepts of Section 16.4572b8d22757a2e1932000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_33.html16.5 Phosphoinositide Signaling Pathways
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_34.htmlPhospholipase Cγ Is Activated by Some RTKs and Cytokine Receptors
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_35.htmlRecruitment of PI-3 Kinase to Activated Receptors Leads to Synthesis of Three Phosphorylated Phosphatidylinositols
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_36.htmlAccumulation of PI 3-Phosphates in the Plasma Membrane Leads to Activation of Several Kinases
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_37.htmlActivated Protein Kinase B Induces Many Cellular Responses
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_38.htmlThe PI-3 Kinase Pathway Is Negatively Regulated by PTEN Phosphatase
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_39.htmlKey Concepts of Section 16.5572b8d22757a2e1932000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_40.html16.6 Signaling Pathways Controlled by Ubiquitinylation and Protein Degradation: Wnt, Hedgehog, and NF-κB
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_41.htmlWnt Signaling Triggers Release of a Transcription Factor from a Cytosolic Protein Complex
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_42.htmlConcentration Gradients of Wnt Protein Are Essential for Many Steps in Development
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_43.htmlHedgehog Signaling Relieves Repression of Target Genes
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_44.htmlHedgehog Signaling in Vertebrates Requires Primary Cilia
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_45.htmlDegradation of an Inhibitor Protein Activates the NF-κB Transcription Factor
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_46.htmlPolyubiquitin Chains Serve as Scaffolds Linking Receptors to Downstream Proteins in the NF-κB Pathway
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_47.htmlKey Concepts of Section 16.6572b8d22757a2e1932000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_48.html16.7 Signaling Pathways Controlled by Protein Cleavage: Notch/Delta, SREBP, and Alzheimerâs Disease
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_49.htmlOn Binding Delta, the Notch Receptor Is Cleaved, Releasing a Component Transcription Factor
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_50.htmlMatrix Metalloproteases Catalyze Cleavage of Many Signaling Proteins from the Cell Surface
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_51.htmlInappropriate Cleavage of Amyloid Precursor Protein Can Lead to Alzheimerâs Disease
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_52.htmlRegulated Intramembrane Proteolysis of SREBPs Releases a Transcription Factor That Acts to Maintain Phospholipid and Cholesterol Levels
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_53.htmlKey Concepts of Section 16.7572b8d22757a2e1932000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_54.html16.8 Integration of Cellular Responses to Multiple Signaling Pathways: Insulin Action
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_55.htmlInsulin and Glucagon Work Together to Maintain a Stable Blood Glucose Level
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_56.htmlA Rise in Blood Glucose Triggers Insulin Secretion from the β Islet Cells
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_57.htmlIn Fat and Muscle Cells, Insulin Triggers Fusion of Intracellular Vesicles Containing the GLUT4 Glucose Transporter to the Plasma Membrane
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_58.htmlInsulin Inhibits Glucose Synthesis and Enhances Storage of Glucose as Glycogen
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_59.htmlMultiple Signal Transduction Pathways Interact to Regulate Adipocyte Differentiation Through PPARγ, the Master Transcriptional Regulator
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_60.htmlInflammatory Hormones Cause Derangement of Adipose Cell Function in Obesity
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_61.htmlKey Concepts of Section 16.8572b8d22757a2e1932000000
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_62.htmlKey Terms
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_63.htmlReview the Concepts
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_64.htmlReferences
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http://digfir-published.macmillanusa.com/lodish8e/lodish8e_ch16_65.htmlPerspectives for the Future
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