The creation of a modern city required both construction and demolition. Before city officials and business interests could build the skyscrapers and wide boulevards that have come to be so closely associated with cities, they had to clear away the results of centuries of unplanned growth. This process was often contentious, especially when the interests of reformers and developers clashed with those of the residents of the streets and buildings scheduled for demolition. As you watch these films of construction and destruction, think about the causes and consequences of the rebuilding of cities. What groups were most in favor of urban modernization? What groups were most opposed? Why?

Beginning of a Skyscraper (1902)

The Demolition of the Star Theater (1902)

Source: Video courtesy of Library of Congress, Moving Image Section.

QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER