Allegory of the Tudor DynastyThe unknown creator of this work intended to glorify the virtues of the Protestant succession; the painting has no historical reality. Henry VIII (seated) hands the sword of justice to his Protestant son Edward VI. The Catholic Queen Mary and her husband Philip of Spain (left) are followed by Mars, god of war, signifying violence and civil disorder. At right, the figures of Peace and Plenty accompany the Protestant Elizabeth I, symbolizing England’s happy fate under her rule. (Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection/The Bridgeman Art Library)