| Eremitical Monasticism |
Cenobitic Monasticism |
| Began in third-century Egypt
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Developed by the Egyptian ascetic Pachomius (290–346?)
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| Centered on individual withdrawal from society
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Centered on organized groups of religious men and women
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| Epitomized by Saint Anthony (251?–356)
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Dominant form of monasticism in western Europe
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Profoundly shaped in the West by Benedict of Nursia (480–543)
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