Why did the socialist movement grow, and how revolutionary was it?

NNATIONALISM SERVED, FOR BETTER OR WORSE, as a new unifying principle. But what about socialism? Socialist parties, generally Marxist groups dedicated to international proletarian revolution, grew rapidly in these years. Did this mean that national states had failed to gain the support of workers?

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“Greetings from the May Day Festival”Workers participated enthusiastically in the annual one-day strike on May 1 in Stuttgart, Germany, to honor internationalist socialist solidarity, as this postcard suggests. Speeches, picnics, and parades were the order of the day, and workers celebrated their respectability and independent culture. Picture postcards like this one and the one on page 729 developed with railroads, mass travel, and high-speed printing. (akg-images)