■ COMPARATIVE AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS ■

1. Question

   In what ways did Luther’s (Document 13-1) and Calvin’s (Document 13-5) versions of Protestantism differ? Which version might have seemed more threatening to secular rulers? Why?

2. Question

   Review Loyola’s (Document 13-6) comments on predestination, as well as Calvin’s (Document 13-5) explanation of the term. Why did Loyola consider it wise for Jesuits to remain silent on this subject?

3. Question

   What connections can you make between religious upheaval and the surge in witchcraft prosecutions (Documents 13-3 and 13-4) that began in the mid-sixteenth century?

4. Question

   Compare and contrast the image of the pope in the woodcut (c. 1519) with what Luther said of him in his “Ninety-five Theses” (1517). How would you explain the differences you note?