■ COMPARATIVE AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS ■

1. Question

   In what ways did Thomas Malthus’s theories in his Essay on the Principle of Population (Document 20-1) affect Ricardo’s views (Document 21-1) about the supply and demand of labor?

2. Question

   Compare and contrast the vision of human nature articulated by Metternich (Document 21-2), Mill (Document 21-3), and Marx and Engels (Document 21-4). How did the authors’ ideas about the individual shape their views of society and social change?

3. Question

   What do you think Marx and Engels (Document 21-4) derived from Ricardo’s essay “On Wages” (Document 21-1) in formulating their theory of class struggle?

4. Question

   Why do you think Marx and Engels (Document 21-4) specifically named Metternich (Document 21-2) as one of communism’s foes in the preamble to the Communist Manifesto? Was their emphasis warranted? What would Metternich think of his detractors, and why?

5. Question

   How do you think Marx and Engels (Document 21-4) regarded the Chartist movement (Document 21-6), and why?

6. Question

   How might Metternich (Document 21-2) have responded to Delacroix’s Liberty Leading the People? (Document 21-5) What alternative description of the legacy of the French Revolution might he have offered?

7. Question

   Describe the connections between the conditions of the Irish potato famine detailed in Trench’s account (Document 21-7) and the economic philosophy outlined by Ricardo (Document 21-1).