The clothes worn by late-nineteenth-century middle-class and elite women concerned with respectability were form-fitting, multilayered, cumbersome, and uncomfortable. In order to achieve what was seen as the ideal female silhouette, women began by putting on a set of rigid undergarments, including whale-bone corsets, an operation that required the assistance of a servant. Once dressed, the fashionable woman remained dependent on her servants, since her attire restricted her movement and made physical labor all but impossible.
Cregmile, Kate R. (1891–1923) / Cincinnati Art Museum, Ohio, USA / The Bridgeman Art Library.