How did Napoleon III seek to reconcile popular and conservative forces in an authoritarian nation-state?
Early nationalism was generally liberal and idealistic and often democratic and radical. Yet nationalism can also flourish in authoritarian and dictatorial states, which may be conservative, fascist, or communist, and which may impose social and economic changes from above. Napoleon Bonaparte’s France had already combined national feeling with authoritarian rule. Napoleon’s nephew, Louis Napoleon, revived and extended this merger.