Correct. The answer is c. Lodge was confident that a literacy test for entry into the United States would “bear most heavily upon the Italians, Russians, Poles, Hungarians, Greeks, and Asiatics, and very lightly, or not at all, upon English-speaking emigrants, or Germans, Scandinavians, and French.”

Incorrect. The answer is c. Lodge was confident that a literacy test for entry into the United States would “bear most heavily upon the Italians, Russians, Poles, Hungarians, Greeks, and Asiatics, and very lightly, or not at all, upon English-speaking emigrants, or Germans, Scandinavians, and French.”

Correct. The answer is a. Lodge saw immigrants from southern and eastern Europe as a threat to the “English-speaking race,” warning that if a “lower race mixes with a higher in sufficient numbers, history teaches us that the lower race will prevail.”

Incorrect. The answer is a. Lodge saw immigrants from southern and eastern Europe as a threat to the “English-speaking race,” warning that if a “lower race mixes with a higher in sufficient numbers, history teaches us that the lower race will prevail.”